兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors

看惯了现代中国人的样子，有谁知道古代中国人的相貌什么样？

Knowing the look of a modern Chinese quite well, do you know what an ancient Chinese look like?

美男子的标准都有哪些？

What are the criteria for handsome men?

看这宽宽的额头、细长的眼睛、高高的颧骨，他们的个头都在1.8米以上。

Look, the broad forehead, the spindly eyes, the high cheekbone, and the height of over 1.8 meters.

据说这就是古代中国标准的美男子。

It is said that these were the criteria for ancient Chinese Apollo.

但仔细看，你就会发现：他们身穿铠甲，手里握着兵器，身边还有战马，气势非凡，肯定不是普通人。

But if you look carefully, you will find that they wear armors, with weapons in the hands and warhorses standing by. These men of uncommon vigor could not have been common people.

再站得远一点看，就会发现，这些人和马其实是按照一定的兵阵来排列的。

Looking in a distance, you will find that these people and horses are actually in some battle arrays.

这些“美男子”确实是军人，这些兵马确实是一支气势雄伟的军队。

These “handsome men” are indeed soldiers, and with those warhorses, they are indeed an imposing army.

那么，为什么会有这样一支军队？

Then, why was there this army?

它属于谁？

Who did it belong to?

让我们回到两千多年前去看看。

Let’s trace back to the time of 2,000 years ago.

公元前230年至前221年，各诸侯国混战争霸。

From the 230 to 221 B.C, each rival state fought against each other.

秦王嬴政用了整整10年时间，统一了天下。

Yingzheng, king of the Qin state, eventually brought China under centralized control within the 10 years.

建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权的封建大帝国。

He established the first feudal empire possessing centralized power in Chinese history.

历史上称他为“秦始皇”。

So he is called “Qin Shihuang”, which means “The First Emperor”.

秦始皇即位不久，就下令开始建造他的陵墓和守卫皇陵的军队。

Soon after Qin Shihuang enthroned, he ordered peole to construct his tomb and the army to guard his tomb.

工匠们按照秦国军队的样式，塑造了成千上万个兵马俑作为他的陪葬品。

According to the models and styles of the Qin armies, the craftsmen made thousands of terracotta warriors to be buried with him.

他们被按照秦代作战的队形摆设成井然有序的军阵。

The terracotta warriors were arranged according to battle arrays in that age.

1974年，当地人在掘井的时候，意外地发现了这里。

In 1974, when local people dug wells, they discovered the site of the terracotta warriors accidentally.

目前我们看到的有三个俑坑。

What we can see so far are three pits.

其中一号坑最大，有手执弓弩类远射兵器的前锋部队。

The first pit is the largest one in which there is a pioneer army consisting of warriors with crossbows and bows in their hands.

后面是6000铠甲俑和35乘驷马战车排列成的主体部队。

Behind them are about 6,000 warriors with war chariots lined in 35 trenches.

他们的南北两翼还有后卫部队。

In addition, the South and North wings are rear guards.

二号坑是由骑兵、步兵、弩兵和战车混合编组的大型军阵。

Pit 2 contains the large array of chariots, cavalry and archers mixed.

共有陶俑陶马1300余件，战车80多辆。

There are altogether more than 1,300 terracotta warriors and horses and more than 80 chariots.

三号坑虽然最小，但它与一、二号坑是一个有机的整体，是统帅三军的指挥部。

lthough Pit 3 is the smallest one, it forms integrity with pit 1 and 2, and is the headquarter commanding the armies.

这些兵俑最初就是按照当时的美男子的形象塑造的。

These terracotta warriors were made just by standards of handsome men at that time。

而且都是彩绘的，两千年过去了，虽然褪去了颜色，却神采依旧。

All of them were colored at first, and are still vivid though the colors have faded after 2,000 years have passed.

除了陶塑的兵马俑之外，坑中还出土了大量的青铜兵器。

Besides terracotta warriors and horses, lots of bronze weapons were also excavated.

当时的青铜冶炼技术已经达到了非常高的水平。

Bronze smelt technique had reached a pretty high level at that time.

你看这把埋藏了两千多年的青铜剑，至今还十分锋利！

Look at this bronze sword which has been buried for more than 2,000 years. It is still very sharp.

这被誉为“青铜之冠”的铜车马，大小约是真马车的二分之一。

This bronze chariot, honored as “Champion of Bronze”, is about half size of a real chariot.

结构复杂，做工精致。

It is complicatedly structured and delicately made.

车上的链条至今仍然非常灵活，门窗也还可以开闭自如。

Chains on this chariot can still function; doors and windows can still work perfectly.

整个兵马俑陪葬坑占地达20,000多平方米。

The whole pit of the terracotta warriors is about 20,000 square meters in area.

目前出土的陶俑马有8,000余件，青铜兵器有数十万件。

So far, more than 8,000 terracotta soldiers and horses, and several hundred thousands of bronze weapons have been discovered.

这就是位于中国陕西省西安市临潼县的秦始皇兵马俑。

This is the Terracotta Warriors located in Lin Tong County, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China.

这规模宏大的陪葬坑不仅在中国，甚至在世界陵寝史上也是前所未有的。

Such huge pits are unique not only in China, but also in the world history of sculpture.

但它也只是整个秦始皇陵墓葬群的冰山一角。

However, it is only a tiny part of the Qin emperor’s tomb complex.

很多的不解谜团有待人们去探寻和解答。

A lot of mysteries still remain there for us to discover and solve.

兵马俑

Terricotta Army

车

wagon

秦始皇

Qin Shihuang（the first Emporer）