Let's learn Resultative Verb Endings 我们一起学习汉语中的结果动词

Resultative Verb Endings is a class of verb suffixes in Mandarin Chinese. They are used with Functive Verbs (Action Verbs) to show the outcome of that action.There are two basic types of Resultative Verb Endings (RVE) – those that show the actual result of an action, and those that show the possible result of an action.

Actual Resultative Verb Endings
When we want to indicate the result of a particular action, like reading a book, we can include a RVE such as finished - 這本書我看完了。/ 这本书我看完了。(zhè běn shū wǒ kàn wán le.)
In this sentence, the Functive Verb 看 (kàn) (read) is supplemented by the RVE 完 (wán) (finished). The final character 了 (le) shows that the action is completed.

Questions Using the Actual RVE
Questions are formed by adding the question tag 嗎 / 吗 ma, or the positive/negative 沒有 / 没有 (méiyǒu) to the RVE:

zhè běn shū nǐ kàn wán le méiyǒu?
這本書你看完了沒有?/这本书你看完了没有?

Have you finished reading this book?

Positive Answers with the Actual RVE 
Positive answers to a question using the RVE are in the form of SUBJECT – FUNCTIVE VERB – RVE – LE:

wǒ kàn wán le.
我看完了。

I’ve finished reading it.

Negative Answers with the Actual RVE
Negative answers to a questions using the RVE are in the form of SUBJECT – ADVERB – MEI – FUNCTIVE VERB – RVE:

wǒ hái méi kàn wán.
我還沒看完。/我还没看完。

I haven’t finished it yet.

 Possible Resultative Verb Endings 
The other form of Resultative Verb Ending (RVE) shows the possible results of an action:

zhè běn shū wǒ kàn dé wán.
這本書我看得完。/这本书我看得完。

I am able to finish reading this book.

The particle 得 dé in this sentence shows that there is a possibility that the Functive Verb action will be achieved. 

Questions Using the Possible RVE
Questions are formed with the question tag 嗎 / 吗 ma:

zhè běn shū nǐ kàn dé wán ma?
這本書你看得完嗎?/这本书你看得完吗?

Are you able to finish reading this book?

Negative Answers with the Possible RVE
Negative answers to a questions using the RVE are in the form of SUBJECT –FUNCTIVE VERB – BU – RVE:

wǒ kàn bù wán.
我看不完。

I am not able to finish reading it. 

Positive Answers with the Possible RVE 
Positive answers to a question using the RVE are in the form of SUBJECT – FUNCTIVE VERB – DE – RVE:

wǒ kàn dé wán.
我看得完。

I am able to finish reading it.