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Chinese inspectors found the chemical melamine in 69 batches of baby milk powder produced by 22 companies nationwide in September 2008.
三聚氰胺(Melamine)（化学式：C3H6N6），俗称密胺、蛋白精，IUPAC命名为“1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三氨基”，是一种三嗪类含氮杂环有机化合物，被用作化工原料。它是白色单斜晶体，几乎无味，微溶于水(3.1g/L常温)，可溶于甲醇、甲醛、乙酸、热乙二醇、甘油、吡啶等，对身体有害，不可用于食品加工或食品添加物。
三聚氰胺是氨基氰的三聚体，由它制成的树脂加热分解时会释放出大量氮气，因此可用作阻燃剂。它也是杀虫剂环丙氨嗪在动物[2]和植物[3][4]体内的代谢产物。
中国安检员调查发现，有22家企业69批次的婴儿奶粉中检出了含量不同的三聚氰胺。三聚氰胺是一种三嗪类含氮杂环有机化合物，重要的氮杂环有机化工原料。简称三胺，
三聚氰胺是制造美耐皿的原料。该树脂有时也被俗称为三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，常用于制造日用器皿、装饰贴面板、织物整理剂等，在日常生活中最常见的应用是塑料碗碟。这类器皿的物理性质非常类似陶瓷，坚硬不变形但又不像陶瓷那样易碎。而且标有“不可以在微波炉中使用”的警示，因为美耐皿受热后有可能散发毒性。由于这个缘故，在中国以外的地区已开始禁止利用含有三聚氰胺的塑料来放置食物。三聚氰胺还可以与乙醚配合作纸张处理剂，在一些涂料中作交联剂，以及阻燃化学处理剂等。
食品工业中常常需要测定食品的蛋白质含量，由于直接测量蛋白质技术上比较复杂，所以常用一种叫做凯氏定氮法[5]的方法，通过测定氮原子的含量来间接推算食品中蛋白质的含量。由于三聚氰胺（含氮量66%）与蛋白质（平均含氮量16%）相比含有更高比例的氮原子，所以被一些造假者利用，添加在食品中以造成食品蛋白质含量较高的假象，从而造成诸如2007年美国宠物食品污染事件和2008年中国毒奶粉事件等严重的食物安全事故。
Melamine is combined with formaldehyde to produce melamine resin, a very durable thermosetting plastic used in Formica, and melamine foam, a polymeric cleaning product. The end products include countertops, dry erase boards, fabrics, glues, housewares and flame retardants. Melamine is one of the major components in Pigment Yellow 150, a colorant in inks and plastics.
Melamine also enters the fabrication of melamine poly-sulfonate used as superplasticizer for making high-resistance concrete. Sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) is a polymer used as cement admixture to reduce the water content in concrete while increasing the fluidity and the workability of the mix during its handling and pouring. It results in concrete with a lower porosity and a higher mechanical strength exhibiting an improved resistance to aggressive environments and a longer life-time.
Melamine is sometimes illegally added to food products in order to increase the apparent protein content. Standard tests such as the Kjeldahl and Dumas tests estimate protein levels by measuring the nitrogen content, so they can be misled by adding nitrogen-rich compounds such as melamine.