Xigazê Zhashilunbu temple cham 日喀则扎什伦布寺羌姆

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间舞蹈
Category: Folk Dance
地区：西藏
Region: Tibetan Autonomous Region
编号：Ⅲ-22
Ref. No.: Ⅲ-22
申报地区或单位：西藏自治区
Nominating unit[s]: Tibetan Autonomous Region
羌姆是一种宗教舞蹈，也称"跳神"。"色莫钦姆羌姆"是西藏日喀则地区扎什伦布寺僧人表演的藏传佛教格鲁派羌姆。在藏语中"色莫"是观赏的意思，"钦姆"是大型的意思，"色莫钦姆羌姆"即观赏大型宗教舞蹈之意。
Cham, also called tiaoshen (dancing for the gods) is a religious dance. Semo qinmu cham is the Gelug-pa (a school of Tibetan Buddhism) cham that is performed by the monks of Tashilhunpo Temple in Xigazê Region, Tibet. In Tibetan, "semo" means appreciating; "qinmu" means large scale; and thus "semo qinmu cham" means appreciating large scale religious dances.
公元1617年（藏历第十绕迥火蛇年），第四世班禅洛桑曲吉坚赞时，扎什伦布寺建立了"阿巴扎仓"（密乘僧院）；公元1647年（藏历第十一绕迥火狗年），大师78岁时参照桑耶寺历年"曲足"宗教节举行的"莲花生八名号"舞蹈，为扎什伦布寺的护法神"赤巴拉"（六臂明王的随从、守护世界东方的神将之一）制定驱魔禳灾的仪轨，建立了扎什伦布寺每年藏历十二月二十九日表演的"古多"（驱鬼）羌姆，这就是色莫钦姆羌姆的前身。到了公元1862年（藏历第十四绕迥水狗年），第七世班禅丹白尼玛多次前往拉萨参加有关仪式活动，对前藏寺院的教规产生了兴趣，返回后在扎什伦布寺修建了"德庆格桑颇章"（新宫），并从拉木、蔡公塘、洛扎、丹杰林、木如、次觉林等寺院的羌姆中吸收和借鉴了不少段落，在原阿巴扎仓表演的"古多"基础上，正式建立了色莫钦姆羌姆，由孜贡扎仓的僧人担任表演，一直延续至今。
In 1617 (the Fire-Snake year of the 10th cycle in the Tibetan calendar) when Lobsang Ch?kyi Gyaltsen (the fourth Panchen Lama of Tibet) served in his post, Zhashilunbu Temple established the Ngaba Zhacang (Tantric School). In 1647 (the Fire-Dog year of the 11th cycle in the Tibetan calendar) when he was 78 years old, he developed ritual procedures for a guardian of Buddhism Chibala (one of the servants of the Six-Arm Wisdom King, and one of the gods guarding the East) to exorcise and avoid calamity, according to the dance named "Eight Forms of Padmasambhava" that was performed each year during the religious festival quzu at the Samye Monastery. He also developed the guduo (exorcism) cham to perform each year on the 29th day of the 12th month in the Tibetan calendar at the Zhashilunbu Temple. The guduo (exorcism) cham is the predecessor of Semo qinmu cham. In 1862 (the Water-Dog year of the 14th cycle in the Tibetan calendar), Palden Tenpai Nyima, the Seventh Panchen Lama of Tibet, participated in several ritual activities in Lhasa, and showed great interest in the previous canons of the Tibetan Temples. After he went back to Zhashilunbu Temple, he built the Deqing gesang pozhang (new palace). He also absorbed many contents from the cham of Lamu Temple, Caigongtang Temple, Lhozhag Temple, Dangyailing Temple, Muru Temple and Cejoiling Temple, and formally developed the Semo qinmu cham based on the cham performed by Ngaba Zhacang. The new cham is still performed by the monks of Zigong Dratsang to this day.
作为罕见的藏传佛教宗庙祭祀舞蹈，扎什伦布寺羌姆具有较高的研究价值。
Tashilhunpo temple cham, as a rare sacrificial dance performed in Tibetan Buddhist temples, is of high research value.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
喇嘛·次仁 喇嘛·米玛
Lama · Ciren and Lama · Mima