Yicheng Huagu 翼城花鼓

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间舞蹈
Category: Folk Dance
地区：山西
Region: Shanxi Province
编号：Ⅲ-11
Ref. No.: Ⅲ-11
申报地区或单位：山西省翼城县
Nominating unit [s]: Yicheng County, Shanxi Province
山西省翼城县位于山西省临汾市南部，自古为西通陕甘、东达豫赵的咽喉要地。翼城花鼓源远流长，翼城杨家祠堂牌匾上写道：“唐太宗坐定长安城，黎民百姓喜在心，年年有个元宵节呀，国邦定，民心顺，国泰民安喜迎春，花鼓打的热哄哄。”落款为大唐贞观三年正月。《翼城县志》“国戚卷”载：“明万历年间李太后回翼城省亲赏花鼓银子三千两。”可见冀城花鼓在明万历以前就已存在。由清代至今，翼城花鼓已成为百姓庆丰收、祭祖先的例行表演形式，所谓“绕城西北东南走，到处皆闻花鼓声”即是这种状况的真实写照。
Located in the south of Linfen City, since ancient times Yicheng County of Shanxi Province has been a vital passage connecting Shaanxi and Gansu to the west and Henan and Hebei to the east. Yicheng Huagu has a long history. Proof of this is recorded on the tablet of the Yang Family's ancestral hall in Yicheng: “Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty settled in Chang’an City, the people are happy from the bottom of their hearts, may we celebrate the lantern festival every year, the country is at peace and the people are in harmony, let’s perform Huagu to celebrate the new year.” These words were inscribed on the first lunar month, 3rd Zhenguan Year of the Tang Dynasty. According to the Volume of Relatives of the Royal Families in the County Annals of Yicheng, “Queen Mother Li returned to Yicheng to visit her relatives and granted a reward of 3,000 Liang of silver to the Huagu troupe during the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty.” This shows that Yicheng Huagu existed before the Wanli Period of the Ming Dynasty. Ever since the Qing Dynasty, Yincheng Huagu has been a traditional performance for the people in Yicheng to celebrate the harvest and worshiping their ancestors, which is perfectly described by the saying “Huagu is heard everywher from east to west, from south to north in the city.”
翼城花鼓动作粗犷，节奏欢快，情绪热烈，风格淳朴。表演形式以行进表演和广场表演为主，也有舞台表演。其乐器比较简单，有花鼓、大苏锣（也叫“背花锣”或“大锣”）、呆锣（也叫“斗锣”或“引锣”）、小战鼓（俗称“救鼓子”）等。曲牌则有“五流水”、“花流水”、“五槌”等，唱腔多为当地民歌，一般由花鼓手和女苗子领唱，众人齐和。
Yicheng Huagu features bold and unconstraint movements, brisk rhythm, passion and simple style. It is mainly performed in processions or squares, and sometimes in the form of stage plays. It adopts simple musical instruments, such as Huagu, Dasu Gong (also called “Beihua Gong” or “Big Gong”), Dai Gong (also called ”Dou Gong” or “Yin Gong”), small battle drum (generally called “Jiuguzi”), etc. Its tunes include “Wu Liushui”, “Hua Liushu” and “Wu Chui”, etc., and the aria consists mainly of local folk songs, usually in the form of choruses led by the Huagu drummer and the female Miaozi.
翼城花鼓世代流传，经久不衰，与当地人民的生产、生活息息相关，为后人了解古代翼城的社会变迁、历史沿革提供了一份珍贵的史料，同时它也是音乐学、民俗学等领域的重要研究课题之一。挖掘、整理和保护翼城花鼓，对进一步丰富民间舞蹈将起到积极作用。
Yicheng Huagu, which has been passed down from generation to generation yet still remains fresh and vibrant, is closely connected to people’s production and daily life. It has provided modern people with a historical source for understanding the social changes and historical context of the ancient Yicheng. In addition, it is also an important subject for the research of music and folk customs. Exploring, sorting out and protecting Yicheng Huagu will play a positive role in the further diversification of folk dances.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
杨作梁
Yang Zuoliang