Harqin Zuoyi Eastern Mongolian Folktale 喀左东蒙民间故事

时间：2006年
Date: 2006
类别：民间文学
Category: Folklore Literature
地区：辽宁
Region: Liaoning Province
编号：Ⅰ—19
Project No. I-19
申报地区或单位：辽宁省喀喇沁左翼蒙古族自治县
Name of Applicant (region or institution): Harqin Zuoyi Mongol Autonomous County, Liaoning Province
喀喇沁及东蒙各部的蒙古族较早就定居下来，由游牧转向农耕。在由猎转牧、由牧而农的曲折漫长的历史过程中，这里的民众所创造的民间文学与其他地区的蒙古族民间文学相比，是独树一帜的，折射着鲜明的草原文化与农耕文化交汇相融的特色。
The Mongol ethnic groups of Harqin and Eastern Mongol settled down quite earlier and changed from nomads to farmers. During the long-lasting hunting-nomad-farming transition that was full of twists and turns, the folklore literature created by people here is really unique compared with that by Mongol ethnic groups in other areas, featuring a merger of prairie culture and agrarian culture that are in sharp contrast.
以东蒙民间故事为主要样式的口头叙事方式既承继了草原游牧文化的传统，又以博大的胸怀吸纳了中原汉民族农耕文化的营养，对定居后的农耕生活有全方位、广角度的反映，因而形成了与草原蒙古族民间文学同中有异的文化特色。东蒙民间文学既隐含有蒙古族古老的原始崇拜思维观念等及对农耕前期的森林狩猎、游牧生活的追怀，同时又涌现出大量反映农耕生活的作品，传达出这一地区蒙古族民众对农耕生产的热爱与向往；它既描述了东蒙地区300年来满、蒙民族在政治、经济及婚姻等方面交往互动的历史，也对蒙、汉民族协力农耕开发辽西以及蒙、汉、满三个民族文化的融合历史作了广角度的展现。这些口头叙事对于研究喀喇沁、土默特等东蒙各部蒙古族历史、文化，考察蒙古族文化的变迁，具有重要的参考价值。
The narration by mouth with Eastern Mongolian folktales as the main form is a heritage of the nomadic culture of prairie. Also, it has drawn on the Han Nationality agrarian culture in the central plain in an accommodating manner, giving a fuller and broader view of the farming life after settlement. Hence the cultural feature identical with yet differing from the Mongolian folklore literature of prairie. The Eastern Mongolian folklore literature contains the old, primitive worship ideology of the Mongol Ethnicity and memories of the pre-farming forest hunting and nomadic life. Meanwhile, there are also a number of works reflecting the agrarian life and suggesting the ardor and longing for the agrarian production of the local Mongolian dwellers. It depicts the history of mutual relations regarding politics, economy and marriage between the Man and Mongol ethnic groups in the Eastern Mongolian area over 300 years. And it reveals in a broader way the concerted agrarian efforts between the Mongol Ethnicity and Han Nationality in tapping West Liaoning as well as the merger of cultures of the Mongol, Han, and Man ethnic groups. These narrative stories by mouth are of significant reference value in studying the history and culture of the Eastern Mongol Ethnicity of Harqin and Tumote and researching the transition of culture of the Mongol Ethnicity.
古往今来，东蒙大地上始终活跃着一批在当地享有盛誉的故事家、歌手，他们为东蒙民间文学的繁盛作出了巨大的贡献，他们那些讲不尽的故事、唱不完的民歌反映出喀喇沁民间文学独有的质朴、浑厚特色，并以此向世人昭示：东蒙民间文学蕴藏量之大、内容之丰富、题材之广泛、文化个性之鲜明是不可替代的。
From ancient time till today, there have always been a group of celebrated story-tellers and singers in the Eastern Mongolian area. These people have made great contribution to the thriving of Eastern Mongolian folklore literature. Their untold stories and endless folk songs reveal the unique “plain and massive” style of Harqin folklore and seem to further proclaim that the Eastern Mongolian folklore literature shall remain irreplaceable for its rich reserves, immensity of content, varied themes, and conspicuity of culture.
然而，随着时间的流逝，喀喇沁左翼蒙古族民间文学的老一辈传承人相继离去，传承的谱系已难以续写，具有重要的口述史价值的东蒙民间文学正在淡出人们的记忆。尤其令人焦虑的是，当地文化部门近20年来采录下来的录音资料已开始出现消磁和失真现象，处于贫困地区的基层文化部门无计可施，东蒙民间文学真正处在严重的濒危状况，急需保护和抢救。
However, with the elapse of time, the old generation of story-tellers of Harqin Zuoyi Mongolian folklore literature passed away one by one. So the heritance becomes a problem and the Eastern Mongolian folklore literature that is of great value of dictation history is disappearing. Worse still, the magnetic materials for the 20 years of data recording conducted by the local cultural departments are being corrupted and do not seem to work as well, yet it seems the grassroots cultural departments in the poverty-stricken areas can do nothing at it. No doubt the Eastern Mongolian folklore literature is now being seriously endangered and urgent preservation and salvation measures are being called for.