Muban Dagu(‘Big Drum’ Recitative) 木板大鼓

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Recitative, story-telling
地区：河北
Region: Hebei Province
编号：Ⅴ—7
Ref. No.: V-7
申报地区或单位：河北省沧县
Nominating unit[s]: Cangxian County, Hebei Province
木板大鼓是流布于河北大部分地区的一种曲艺鼓书形式，有小口大鼓、清口大鼓、梅花调、老木板子、老北口木板、怯大鼓、鼓碰弦儿、弦子鼓儿、木板西河调、憋死牛等别称。表演时一人左手持木板，右手持鼓楗，站立说唱中轮番敲击木板和书鼓，使其与说唱相配合，另有人持三弦专司伴奏。木板大鼓相传形成于清代乾隆年间，知名艺人有李文通（李尚志）、曹占奎、李殿奎、张百奎、邓连奎、李振奎、马瑞河、马瑞林、朱化麟、庞凤城、胡金祥、曹金升和何贵海等，其中尤以马瑞河（马三疯子）、朱化麟（朱大官）和庞凤城影响最大、贡献最多。木板大鼓沧州地区发展得较有特色，出现过王福贞和穆汉青两个支派，王福贞因影响巨大，人送绰号“沧州红”。
Muban dagu, popular in most parts of Hebei Province, is an art form of drum music and recitative, also known as Xiaokou dagu, Qingkou dagu, Meihua Recitative, Laomu Banzi, Laobeikou Muban, Qie dagu, Gupeng Xian'er, Xianzi Gu’er, Mubanxihe Recitative, Biesi’niu, etc. It is performed by a band consisting of accompanists who play Sanxian (a three-stringed plucked instrument) and one narrator, with the wood block in his/her left hand and the drum hammer in his/her right hand, tells stories and sings while standing and striking the wood block and drum alternatively such that the hits are well coordinated with narrating and singing. It is said that Muban dagu took form during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty and famous artists include Li Wentong (Li Shangzhi), Cao Zhankui，Li Diankui, Zhang Baikui, Deng Liankui, Li Zhenkui, Ma Ruihe, Ma Ruilin, Zhu Hualin, Pang Fengcheng, Hu Jinxiang, Cao Jinsheng and He Guihai. Among others, Ma Ruihe (Ma Sanfengzi), Zhu Hualin (Zhu Daguan) and Pang Fengcheng are the most influential ones who made the greatest contribution to Muban dagu. Muban dagu in Cangzhou area is better known for its distinctive features, and two schools respectively led by Wang Fuzhen and Mu Hanqing emerged there. Wang Fuzhen earned his nickname “Cang Zhou Hong (the superstar in Cangzhou)” for his great influence.
木板大鼓的传统节目非常丰富，短篇有《老鼠告猫》、《劝人方》、《度林英》、《郭巨埋儿》、《目连救母》、《赵五娘》等百余段；中篇有《二度梅》、《响马传》、《武松传》、《千里驹》、《金环记》和《姜公案》等上百段；长篇有《左传春秋》、《吴越春秋》、《英烈春秋》、《走马春秋》、《金盒春秋》等“五大春秋”和《薛家将》、《杨家将》、《呼家将》、《包公案》、《刘公案》、《海公案》等“三将三案”，以及《飞龙传》、《马潜龙走国》等数十部。其唱腔音乐为板腔体，曲调简洁独特，粗犷浑厚，对北方许多鼓书与鼓曲如西河大鼓、京韵大鼓、京东大鼓、乐亭大鼓、竹板书等的形成与发展，都产生过不同程度的影响，具有十分独特的艺术价值。
There are plentiful traditional shows of Muban dagu, including more than one hundred short-length arias: A Mouse Suing a Cat (or Hao Zi Gao Mao), Expostulation (or Quan Ren Fang), performing Buddhist service to help Lin Ying become an immortal (or Du Lin Ying), Guo Ju Wants to Bury His Son for His Mother(or Guo Ju Mai Er), Mu Lian Saves His Mother( or Mu Lan Jiu Mu), The Lady of Lute (or Zhao Wuniang); more than one hundred medium-length arias: Plum flowers Comes into Bloom Secondly (or Er Du Mei), Legend of The Horse Gang(or Xiang Ma Zhuan), Legend of Wu Song(or Wu Song Zhuan), A Swift horse( or Qian Li Ju), Narration of gold Rings (or Jin Huan Ji) and Case of Jiang Gong (or Jiang Gong An); and dozens of long-length arias: Annals Written by Zuo Qiu Ming(or Zuo Zhuan Chun Qiu), Annals about Wu Kingdom And Yue Kingdom in the Spring And Autumn Period(or Wu Yue Chun Qiu), Biography of Zhong Wuyan(or Ying Lie Chun Qiu), Le Yi Conquers Qi Kingdom (or Zou Ma Chun Qiu), Battle of Wits between Sun Bin And Pang Juan(or Jin He Chun Qiu), Xue Warriors (or Xue Jia Jiang), Yang Warriors in the Northern Song Dynasty (or Yang Jia Jiang), Hu Warriors During the Reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (or Hu Jia Jiang), Case of Baozheng (or Bao Gong An), Case of Liu Yong (or Liu Gong An), Case of Hai Rui (or Hai Gong An), Biography of Kuang Feng(or Fei Long Zhuan) and Running Away of Ma Qianlong (or Ma Qian Long Zou Guo). The vocal music is the aria of cavity plate, with simple and unique tunes and vigorous and wild sound. Muban dagu, with a very unique artistic value, influenced in varying degrees the formations and developments of such art forms of drum music as Xihe dagu, Jingyun dagu, Jingdong dagu, Leting dagu, Zhuban shu and so on.
进入21世纪以来，木板大鼓的传承与发展陷入了困境。知名的木板大鼓民间艺人仅有8人，最年轻的也已57岁，前景非常令人担忧。有关部门对此应加以重视，制定方案加以拯救和保护。
Since the 21st century, Muban dagu has run into difficulty with regard to its inheritance and development. There are now only 8 famous folk artists of Muban dagu, of which the youngest one is 57 years old. So, its future is very much in doubt. Related departments should attach more importance to it and formulate plans to protect and preserve it.
 相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
唐贵峰 刘银河
Tang Guifeng and Liu Yinhe