Shandong Qinshu 山东琴书

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Recitative, story-telling
地区：山东
Region: Shandong Province
编号：Ⅴ-21
Ref. No.: V-21
申报地区或单位：山东省
Nominating unit[s]: Shandong Province
山东琴书是山东重要的地方曲艺品种，又称"唱扬琴"或"山东扬琴"。它源于明代中期鲁西南菏泽（古曹州）地区兴起的民间小曲自娱演唱形式"庄家耍"（又称"玩局"），至清代中期，原来唱曲使用的伴奏乐器古琴和古筝改为扬琴（又称"蝴蝶琴"）、四胡、古筝、琵琶、简板和碟子，表演为多人分持不同乐器自行伴奏，分行当围坐表演，以唱为主，间有说白或对白。
Shandong Qinshu is a significant local vocal art form in Shandong Province, also known as "Dulcimer-singing" or "Shandong Dulcimer". It was originated from the "Banker Game" (or "Wan Ju"), a self-entertaining folk vocal art form thriving in Heze (ancient Caozhou), the southwest of Shandong Province in the mid-Ming Dynasty. By the mid-Qing Dynasty, it was performed with instruments including dulcimer (or "Hu Die Qin"), Si Hu (a four-stringed bowed instrument), Chinese zither, Pi Pa(a plucked string instrument with a fretted fingerboard), Jian Ban (a percussion instrument with two long bamboo or wood flakes) and plate instead of guqin (a seven-stringed plucked instrument) and Chinese zither. During such a show, performers, with instruments in their hands, sit down in different circles according to the type of instrument. The show is dominated by singing, interposed with monologues or dialogues from time to time.
山东琴书采用山东方音表演，因脱胎于民间的"小曲子"联唱，所用唱腔曲调十分丰富，约有曲牌二百多支。发展为琴书说唱之后，使用的曲调逐渐集中，以所谓"老六门主曲"即【上合调】、【凤阳歌】、【叠断桥】、【汉口垛】、【垛子板】、【梅花落】最为常用，清末民初以来又进一步发展为以【凤阳歌】和【垛子板】为主要曲调，穿插少量小曲进行说唱的音乐体制，节目也以中长篇书为主，兼唱小段儿。
Shandong Qinshu is performed in the Shandong dialect. Born out of "a small folk ballad" in chorus, it has a great variety of arias and tunes, including over 200 names of the tunes (Qupai). When it evolved into Qinshu with talking and singing, used tunes were gradually concentrated, "old six tunes" were most common, namely upper tune, Fengyang folk song, Dieduan Bridge, Hankou tune, Duo Zi Ban, and the fall of the plum blossoms. Fengyang folk song and Duo Zi Ban were grown to be major tunes in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China with fewer ballads to accomplish a music system consisting of talking and singing. Medium and long-length stories were extensively told on stage with ballads singing.
山东琴书分南、北、东三路流行，并有各自的代表性艺人和流派。南路为最早的一支，流行于鲁西南地区，以茹兴礼及其创始的"茹派"最具代表性，演唱不用花腔巧调，行腔深沉，咬字真切，节目多为愤世之作；北路以济南为中心，广泛流行于鲁西北地区，以邓九如及其创始的"邓派"最具代表性，表演善用方言俚语，于纯朴中显幽默，平易中求韵味；东路以广饶、博兴为中心，流行于胶东各地，以商业兴、关云霞夫妇及其创始的"商派"最具代表性，唱腔优美动听，富于变化。
Shandong Qinshu is popular along three belts (south, north and east), and each belt is distinguished by its representative artisans and genre. The south line is the earliest one prevailing in the southwest of Shandong Province primarily represented by Ru Xingli and "Ru School" created by the former. It is not necessary to be melismatic, but to use the tunes in a prudent manner and vocalize articulately. Repertories are mainly inclined to be cynical; the north line is revolved around Jinan, and widely popular in the northwest of Shandong Province chiefly represented by Deng Jiuru and "Deng School" created by him. Dialects and slang are often used in the performance featuring the simplicity, humor, closeness to the life and profundity. The east line is centered on Guangrao and Boxing and spreading across Jiaodong Peninsula principally represented by the couple of Shang Yexing and Guan Yunxia and "Shang School" created by them. It sounds beautifully, pleasantly and variedly.
山东琴书的传统代表性节目很多，长篇有《白蛇传》、《秋江》及移植来的《杨家将》、《包公案》、《大红袍》等多部，中篇有《王定保借当》、《三上寿》、《梁祝姻缘记》等七八十部，短段儿多为早期小曲子节目中传承下来的经典之作。
There are many traditional typical shows, including long-length ones such as the Legend of White Snake (or Bai She Zhuan), the Autumn River (or Qiu Jiang), copied Yang Warriors (or Yang Jia Jiang), Cases by Judge Bao Zheng (or Bao Gong An), Great Red Cloak (or Da Hong Pao), 70 to 80 medium-length ones such as Wang Dingbao Pawning the Dowry of His Fiancée (or Wang Ding Bao Jie Dang), Birthday Congratulations for Three Times (or San Shang Shou), the Marriage Story between the Butterfly lovers (or Liang Zhu Yin Yuan Ji), and short-length ones that are mainly classic works left from small ballads in the early period.
中华人民共和国成立后，山东琴书得到新的发展，流行范围扩大至山东省以外，经过加工整理的优秀传统节目《梁祝下山》、《水漫金山》等及新创作的中篇《夺印》，短篇《十女夸夫》、《姑娘的心愿》、《大林还家》、《锔瓷盆》都有重要影响。
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shandong Qinshu has made new headways, and expanded to outside Shandong Province. Traditional excellent programs after the revision and organizing, such as Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai Go Downhill (or Liang Zhu Xia Shan), the Water Overflowed the Golden Mountain (or Shui Man Jin Shan), new-created medium-length story, Seizing the Governing Power (or Duo Yin), and short stories such as Ten Women Compliment Their Husbands (or Shi Nv Kua Fu), Girls' Wish, Dalin Returning Home (or Da Lin Huan Jia), the Curium Porcelain Basin (or Ju Ci Pen) all have made a crucial effect.
山东琴书文化底蕴丰厚，对吕剧的发生发展产生过重大影响，是山东吕剧的直接母体，历史文化价值比较独特。如今它的发展遇到了前所未有的困难，急需加以保护和扶持。
Shandong Qinshu enjoys a profound culture foundation. It once exerted a material impact on the birth and growth of Lv Opera. It is the direct parent of Lv Opera of Shandong Province, with unique historical and cultural values. Its development is now encountering unprecedented difficulties, therefore, it is badly in need of being protected and supported.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
李湘云 姚忠贤
Li Xiangyun and Yao Zhongxian