Fuzhou pinghua 福州评话

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Recitative, story-telling
地区：福建
Region: Fujian Province
编号：V-3
Ref. No.: V-3
申报地区或单位：福建省福州市
Nominating unit[s]: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province
福州评话是以福州方音讲述并有徒歌体唱调穿插吟唱的独特说书形式，流行于福建省的福州、闽侯、永泰、长乐、连江、福清、闽清等十几个县市及台湾省和东南亚的福州籍华侨集居地。
Fuzhou pinghua is a kind of storytelling show performed in Fuzhou dialect and solo storytelling style with interludes of singing. It is quite popular in more than 10 counties and cities such as Fuzhou, Minhou, Yongtai, Changle, Lianjiang, Fuqing and Minqing in Fujian Province, as well as in the settlement places of overseas Fuzhou Chinese in Taiwan and Southeast Asia.
福州评话约形成于明末清初，相传是柳敬亭的大弟子居辅臣到福州双门楼授徒传艺而流传下来的。由存世的清代雍正、乾隆年间福州评话刻本《七星白纸马》等来看，当时福州评话已很盛行。
Taking shape during the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou pinghua is said to be passed down by Ju Fuchen, the first student of Liu Jingting. He accepted apprentices and passed on this art at Shuangmen Pavilion after coming to Fuzhou. During that time, Fuzhou pinghua had been very popular, and this is supported by the existing masterpieces such as "Qi Xing Bai Zhi Ma (White Paper Horse with Seven Stars)", the carving copy made in the reigns of Yongzheng and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.
福州评话的唱调分为序头、吟唱和诉牌三类。序头用以演述正书之前的短篇书赞，类似古代说书的"入话"；吟唱是基本唱腔，可用于表唱，也可表现人物的内心独白和人物之间的对话，曲调包括【高山流水】、【浪淘沙】、【连珠】、【滴滴金】、【泪句】等；诉牌的音乐性较强，在人物表白身世和倾诉冤情时使用，唱时以筷子敲铜铙钹来间奏。另外，也还有一些结合故事情节采用的民谣曲调，如【贺年歌】、【真乌仔】、【三十六叫】、【五字叠】等。
The singing styles of Fuzhou pinghua involve Xutou, Yinchang and Supai. Specifically, Xutou is a kind of short prelude, similar to "Ruhua (introduction)" in ancient storytelling shows; Yinchang refers to the basic vocal music for Chinese opera, which can be used for singing as well as expressing the character's inner monologue or dialogue between characters. Its melodies include "Gao Shan Liu Shui (Lofty Mountains and Flowing Water)", "Lang Tao Sha (Waves Washing Sands)", "Lian Zhu (Jointed Beads)", "Di Di Jin (Drips of Liquid Gold)", "Lei Ju (Sentences with Tears)" and so on. Supai features strong musical expressive force, so it can be used for telling the life experience of a character or pouring out grievances against injustice. This style is accompanied by the performance of chopsticks hitting on the cymbal. Additionally, there are some folk songs combining with certain stories, such as "He Nian Ge (New Year Greetings)," "Zhen Wu Zai (True Fries)", "San Shi Liu Jiao (Thirty-six Times of Rhythmization)", and "Wu Zi Die (Five-character Chorus)".
福州评话的节目繁多，按题材通常分为长解书、短解书、半长短书、公案书和家庭书5种。长解书都是历史故事，有《三国》、《隋唐》、《精忠岳传》等；短解书是武侠故事，有《七侠五义》、《彭公案》、《施公案》等；半长短书有《水浒》等；公案书专讲清官为民请命和平冤决狱的故事，为福州评话独有且富于地方色彩，《王公十八判》、《珍珠被》、《长泰十八命》等为其中代表性的作品；家庭书多反映家庭伦理与悲欢离合的故事，如《甘国宝》、《双玉蝉》、《玉蝙蝠》等。中华人民共和国成立后福州评话编演了《九命沉冤》、《流水欢歌》、《小城春秋》、《保卫延安》等新节目，形成一定影响。
Fuzhou pinghua have a great variety of shows and can generally be classified into long stories, short stories, medium-length stories, legal stories and family stories in terms of the genre. In particular, long stories are historical stories, such as "San Guo (The Three Kingdoms)", "Sui Tang (The Sui and Tang Dynasties)" and "Jing Zhong Yue Zhuan (Biography of Devoted Officer Yue Fei)". Short stories are Kungfu stories, such as "Qi Xia Wu Yi (The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants)", "Peng Gong An (Story of Judge Peng)" and "Shi Gong An (Story of Judge Shi)". Medium-length stories include "Shui Hu Zhuan (Water Margin)" and so on. Legal stories are about honest and upright officials presenting petitions for common people and redressing cases of injustice, which is unique for Fuzhou pinghua with local features. Its magnum opuses include "Wang Gong Shi Ba Pan (Eighteen Cases of Judge Wang)", "Zhen Zhu Bei (Peal Bed)", "Chang Tai Shi Ba Ming (Eighteen Homicide Cases in Changtai County)" and so on. Family stories reflect family ethics and vicissitudes of life, for example, "Gan Guo Bao (name of a famous officer in the Qing Dynasty)", "Shuang Yu Chan (A Pair of Jade Cicadas)" and "Yu Bian Fu (Jade Bat)". After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, artists of Fuzhou pinghua composed and performed some new programs, which had caused some influence and prevalence among people. The representative works include "Jiu Ming Chen Yuan (Redressing Nine Cases of Injustice)", "Liu Shui Huan Ge (Paean for Hydraulic Project)", "Xiao Cheng Chun Qiu (History of A Small Town)" and "Bao Wei Yan An (Guarding Yan'an City)".
福州评话从伴奏乐器的形制、吟诵表演的方式、独特的曲本体裁和传统的话本题材等方面看，都具有十分重大的历史和文化价值，被称为古老曲艺的"活化石"。但是，福州评话的当代生存与发展面临着巨大的困难，需要大力扶持和保护。
Fuzhou pinghua is of great importance and value in history and culture in terms of instruments, way of singing, unique genres, traditional themes of storytelling etc. Therefore, it is regarded as a "living fossil" of the ancient folk vocal art. However, there have been great difficulties and challenges for the current survival and future development of Fuzhou pinghua. Hence, it requires forceful support and protection.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
陈如燕 毛钦铭
Chen Ruyan and Mao Qinming