Muguwu (wooden drum dance) 木鼓舞

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间舞蹈
Category: Folk Dance
地区：贵州，云南
Region: Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province
编号：Ⅲ-25
Ref. No.: Ⅲ-25
木鼓舞是流传在西南苗族、彝族和佤族人民中以敲击木鼓起舞祭祀的民间舞蹈。其鼓型多以截取自然生长的树木躯干，凿空内部成型。一般木鼓舞为族群全体参与的大型祭祀活动中的一部分，木鼓被作为族群的象征，以敲木鼓、跳木鼓为核心的祭祀活动充满着强烈的祖先崇拜、自然崇拜的寓意，具有鲜明的原始文化的特征。
The Muguwu (wooden drum dance), popular among members of the Miao nationality, Yi nationality and Va [or Wa] nationality in southwest China. It is a folk dance performed by playing wooden drums for the purpose of sacrifice offerings. The wooden drums are made from by chiseling out tree trunks. Generally speaking, the muguwu (wooden drum dance) is an integral part of the large sacrificial offering that is attended by all members of a community. Sacrificial offerings, of which playing wooden drums and dancing with wooden drums (the symbol of the community) is the core element, indicate a strong worship of ancestors and nature and show a distinct primitive culture.
木鼓舞·反排苗族木鼓舞
Muguwu, 'wooden drum dance' (Fanpai Miao nationality muguwu)
申报地区或单位：贵州省台江县
Nominating unit[s]: Taijiang county, Guizhou Province
木鼓舞是贵州省台江县苗族群众所喜爱的一种民间舞蹈，主要有反排木鼓舞和施洞、革东木鼓舞两大种类，其中以反排木鼓舞影响较大。它分布于贵州台江县城东南方26公里处的反排村，村中居民皆为苗族。传说反排木鼓起源于一对跟从鸟虫学会跳舞的古代兄妹。自古以来，反排木鼓舞就在反排村世代相袭。
Muguwu (wooden drum dance) is a folk dance loved by members of the Miao nationality living in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province. It can be classified into two categories, namely, Fanpai muguwu, and Shidong/Gedong muguwu. Fanpai muguwu is more influential.
Fanpai muguwu is performed in Fanpai village 26 kilometers to the southeast of Taijiang county seat, Guizhou City. The villagers from Fanpai are all members of the Miao nationality. Legend has it that Fanpai muguwu originated from a sister and brother who learned to dance from birds and insects. Fanpai muguwu has been passed on from generation to generation in Fanpai village throughout the ages.
每逢丑年，十二年一次的祭鼓节到来，反排木鼓舞便要大跳一次，与宰牛祭祀和盛大的节庆活动相配合。反排木鼓舞启、承、转、合结构完整，舞蹈动作简练，组合丰富，风格热烈豪迈，表现先民的生活场面和地理环境，叙述先民的由来。舞蹈发展采用递进方式，逐步把情节推向高潮，每个情节层次分明，过渡自然。演员歌舞并进，五体皆动，甩同边手，踏二四拍，舞姿粗犷奔放，洒脱优美，头、手、脚开合度大，摆动幅度宽。反排木鼓舞由"牛高抖"、"牛扎厦"、"厦地福"、"高抖大"、"扎厦耨"五个鼓点章节组成，采用单击、合击、交错敲击等演奏手法，鼓点错落有致，节奏明快，与舞蹈有机地结合在一起。
Fanpai muguwu (performed once every 12 years) is performed on a large scale during the jigujie (drum worship festival) in the Ox year; at the same time, an ox will be slaughtered as a sacrifice and grand celebrations will be held.
Fanpai muguwu has complete procedures of introduction, elucidation, transition and summing up. The dance, with its succinct postures and diversified combinations, shows a passionate and heroic style, and illustrates the life of ancestors, the geographical conditions of their era, and their origin. The dance is performed in a progressive plot form with a climax near the end. The plots are well arranged and have natural transitions.
Dancers sing and dance by moving their arms, legs and heads. They follow a 2/4 beat, and swing their hands on the same side. The dance features powerful, free and beautiful postures, as well as large movements of the head, arm and legs.
Fanpai muguwu consists of five drumbeat sections, including niugaodou, niuzhasha, shadifu, gaodouda and zhashanou. Dancers beat drums with one or two sticks, or by alternating between two sticks. The drumbeats are well arranged, feature energetic rhythms, and are harmoniously combined with the dance.
反排村民族文化资源丰富，至今仍保存着以反排木鼓舞为主要文化特征的苗族文化生态圈。反排木鼓舞是苗族祭鼓节重要的活动环节，还是连接苗族社会过去、现在和未来的重要文化纽带。
Fanpai Village boasts rich cultural resources. The village has preserved the ecosphere of Miao nationality culture that is highlighted by Fanpai muguwu. Fanpai muguwu is an important part of Miao nationality jigujie (drum worship festival), and also an important cultural means that connects the past, present and future of the Miao community.
木鼓舞·沧源佤族木鼓舞
Muguwu, 'wooden drum dance' (Cangyuan Va [or Wa] nationality muguwu)
申报地区或单位：云南省沧源佤族自治县
Nominating unit[s]: Cangyuan Va (sic) Autonomous County, Yunnan Province
沧源佤族木鼓舞分布在云南省临沧市沧源佤族自治县的岩帅、单甲、糯良、勐来、勐角、班洪等乡镇，佤山村村寨寨都有自己的木鼓歌场。现沧源县有大、中、小型木鼓七百多只，90％的人能跳木鼓舞，唱木鼓歌。
Cangyuan Va [or Wa] nationality muguwu is popular in Yanshuai, Danjia, Nuoliang, Menglai, Mengjiao and Banhong townships/towns, Cangyuan Va (sic) Autonomous County, Yunnan Province. All the villages of Washan have their own sites for wooden drum performances and singing. Today, there are more than 700 wooden drums of all sizes in Cangyuan County, and 90% of the population in the county can perform muguwu (wooden drum dance) and sing muguge (wooden dance song)
沧源佤族木鼓舞由拉木鼓、进木鼓房、敲木鼓、祭木鼓四部分组成。每逢年节庆典，佤族男女老少都会穿戴一新，在木鼓的敲击下围绕着木鼓房，携手成圈蹁跹起舞。他们以屈膝、弓腰表示对木鼓的敬仰，不分男女老少一律按逆时针方向围圈缓慢移动，动作以甩手、走步和跺脚为主。第一拍右脚向右斜前方上一步，双手曲肘举至头斜上方，身体后仰；第二拍左脚跟踏一步，双手甩至身后斜下方，身躯前倾。如此循环反复，动作规范而平稳。木鼓舞贯穿于木鼓祭祀活动的全过程，舞蹈以敲打木鼓者的领唱与众人踏节而歌为伴奏，歌词多述说民族历史、祭祀和劳动生产及生活等方面的内容。跳木鼓舞时鼓声震天，舞者秀发飞扬，动作粗犷奔放、炽热狂野，表现出佤族人民勤劳勇敢的性格特征。目前沧源佤族木鼓舞中已形成"高格龙勐"、"甩发舞"、"加林赛"等影响较大的代表作品。
Cangyuan Va [or Wa] nationality muguwu consists of four parts, such as lamugu (pulling wooden drum), jin mugufang (entering the room of wooden drum) and jimugu (wooden drum worship).
Members of Va [or Wa] nationality put on their best clothes during the New Year and other celebrations, and dance by forming a circle around a room of wooden drums, with the accompaniment of wooden drums. They pay homage to the wooden drum by going down on their knees and bowing. All people (regardless of gender or age) move slowly in a counter-clockwise direction; at the same time, they swing their hands, walk forward and stamp their feet. At the first beat, they step right with their right foot, bend their arms and put their hands above their heads, and lean back. At the second beat, they make one step with their left heel, swing their hands backwards, and lean forward. Dancers repeat these standard, fixed movements again and again.
The Muguwu (wooden drum dance), performed in the whole process of the wood worship, is accompanied by the singing of the wooden drum player and the singing of dancers. The lyrics of the song feature themes about the history, worship, work and life of the nationality. During the performance, the drumbeat is loud, dancers with untied hair dance powerfully and free, indicating the hardworking nature and brave spirit of the Va [or Wa] nationality. Influential and typical muguwu (wooden drum dance) programs of the Va [or Wa] nationality include gaoge longmeng, shuaifawu (hair dance), and jialinsai.
木鼓是佤族传说中的通天神器，被视为民族繁衍之源头，是佤族的历史文化象征。木鼓舞集中体现了佤族民间歌舞、文学、艺术及宗教信仰的成就及特色，不仅有较高的艺术价值，在艺术学、民族学、民俗学、宗教学等方面也具有一定的研究价值。木鼓舞是佤族民间歌舞的集大成者，是佤族文化最直观生动的体现，一直为广大佤族民众所喜爱，为其民族精神的凝聚起到了不可替代的作用。
Legend has it that people can communicate with heaven through wooden drums; therefore, the wooden drum is regarded as the source of prosperity, and the symbol of history and culture of the Va [or Wa] nationality. The Muguwu (wooden drum dance) presents the achievements and features of the Va [or Wa] nationality in singing, dancing, literature, arts and religion. It is not only valuable as a form of art, but also valuable in the research of arts, nationalities, folk customs and religion. The Muguwu (wooden drum dance) absorbs different aspects of folk song-dance of the Va [or Wa] nationality, and reflects the culture of the nationality in a direct and vivid way. The dance, loved by the Va [or Wa] nationality, plays an essential role in uniting the national spirit.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
万政文
Wan Zhengwen