Tibetan Nationality Woolen Bangdian (Apron) and Qiadian (Rug) Weaving Skills 藏族邦典、卡垫织造技艺

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：传统手工技艺
Category: Traditional Handicraft Skills
地区：西藏
Region: Tibet Autonomous Region
编号：Ⅷ—21
Ref. No.: VIII-21
申报地区或单位：西藏自治区山南地区、江孜地区
Nominating unit[s]: Shannan District and Gyangze District, Tibet Autonomous Region
藏族的毛织技艺有着悠久的历史，其制品以围裙和地毯最为著名。藏族人民常用的毛织围裙在藏语中称为“邦典”，具有装饰、耐寒等功能。西藏山南地区贡嘎县杰德秀镇是藏族围裙的主要产地，因而有“邦典之乡”的美称。杰德秀镇生产毛织品已有一千多年的历史，生产围裙也已有五六百年。在历史上，该镇店铺众多，家家户户都拥有一台或多台织机，所织造的氆氇曾为历代贡品，相传文成公主所穿的氆氇服装便产于该镇。经过世代传承和改进，杰德秀镇的毛织品在品种、图案、色彩和技艺等方面都有了很大的发展。镇上目前约有780户2200人，几乎家家生产毛织围裙，产品不仅在国内享有盛名，还远销印度、尼泊尔、不丹及西欧国家。
The wool fabric weaving skills of the Tibetan nationality have a very long history. Among all the fabrics made by these skills, aprons and rugs are the most well-known. Wool fabric aprons frequently used by the Tibetan people is called “bangdian” in Tibetan language, and they have functions of decoration, cold resistance, etc. The Jiedexiu Town of Gongga County in Shannan District of Tibet Autonomous Region is the major producing area of Tibetan aprons, and it is consequently called the “home of bangdian”. The production of wool fabrics in the Jiedexiu Town has a history of more than a thousand years, and the production of aprons has a history of some five to six hundred years. In history, there were a large number of stores, and every household owned a set or multiple sets of weaving machines. The weaved pulu (referring to wool fabrics in Tibetan language) were offered as tributes in many dynasties. Legend has it that the pulu costume worn by Princess Wencheng was produced in this town. After generations of inheritance and improvement, the wool fabrics of Jiedexiu Town achieved significant development in terms of varieties, patterns, colors and skills. At present, there are around 780 households, 2,200 residents in total in this town. Nearly every household produces woolen aprons, and the products not only enjoy great fame within China but are also exported to India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Western European countries.
日喀则地区江孜县是西藏著名的地毯（藏族称为“卡垫”）之乡。江孜地毯和土耳其地毯、波斯地毯并称为世界三大名毯。
The Gyangze County in Xigaze District is well-known as the home of rugs (called “qiadian” by Tibetans) in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The Gyangze rugs, Turkey rugs, and Persia rugs are regarded as the three most famous rugs in the world.
早在公元11世纪，在年楚河中游地区（即今白朗县一带）就有一种名为“旺丹仲丝”（即“卡垫”）的手工技艺品。这一地区一直是西藏地毯的传统产区，织造技艺得到了较大发展，并形成了系列图案。之后，江孜人民在传统“卡垫”手工技艺的基础上不断改进和创新，形成了独具特色的江孜地毯。民国年间，英国商人曾在江孜开设小型工厂和技艺学校，产品出口到欧洲。
As early as in the 11th century A.D., there was a handicraft named “wangdanzhongsi” (namely “qiadian”) in the area along the middle reaches of Nyang Qu River (an area around today’s Bailang County). As this area had long been the traditional production area of Tibetan rugs, the wool fabric weaving skills gained remarkable development and a series of patterns were formed. Afterwards, Gyangze people made continuous improvement and innovations on the basis of the traditional “qiadian” handicraft skills, and gradually developed the distinctive Gyangze rugs. During the period of the Republic of China, British merchants once set up small plants and technical schools in Gyangze, and their products were exported to the Europe.
江孜“卡垫”反映了一千多年间藏族织造技艺发展的历史，其图案、纺线、染色、织造、剪毯等方面都非常出色，具有织造技艺独特、色泽鲜艳和谐、毯面柔软的特点，艺术价值极高。这些民族手工技艺应得到保护和传承。
The Gyangze “qiadian” mirrors the history of the development of Tibetan weaving skills over more than a thousand years. With unique weaving skills, the wool fabrics are extraordinarily excellent in their patterns, thread spinning, dyeing, weaving, cutting, etc., and are characterized by bright and harmonious color and soft rug surface, thus possessing fairly high artistic value. These ethnic handicraft skills should be well protected and inherited.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
格桑 边多
Kelsang Bianduo