Cizhou Kiln Firing and Manufacturing Skills 磁州窑烧制技艺

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：传统手工技艺
Category: Traditional Handicraft Skills
地区：河北
Region: Hebei Province
编号：Ⅷ-10
Ref. No: VIII-10
申报地区或单位：河北省峰峰矿区
Nominating unit[s]: Fengfeng Mining District, Hebei Province
峰峰矿区的彭城镇位于邯郸市西部，总面积32.6平方公里，是磁州窑的主要产区。在新石器时代的磁山文化时期，峰峰地区已经能够生产优美的陶器，成为我国陶器的发祥地之一。到宋代，磁州窑步入兴盛期，明代达到鼎盛，彭城作为磁州窑的中心，也随之而成为北方瓷都。
Located in the west of Handan City, Pengcheng Town of Fengfeng Mining District is a main production area for Cizhou kiln, covering a total area of 32.6 square kilometers. During the period of Cishan Culture in the Neolithic Age, Fengfeng area had produced exquisite potteries and it became one of the cradles for pottery manufacturing in China. In the Song Dynasty, Cizhou kiln witnessed its flourishing period and reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. Pengcheng Town, as the center of Cizhou kiln, was thereby known as the capital of pottery in north China.
磁州窑原料产于本地，主要有青土、白碱、缸土、笼土、黄土（黑药土）、紫木节、紫砂土、耐火粘土、水冶长石等。窑工们在瓷土的应用上有一套独特技艺，能使产品五彩缤纷。磁州窑的制坯技艺也丰富多样，有雕塑、拉坯、盘条、印坯等技法，风格独特。磁州窑的装饰艺术同样值得称道，它主要分为化妆白瓷、黑釉白碱瓷和低温彩釉瓷三大系列，其装饰技法包括化妆白瓷、白釉刻划花、珍珠地刻花、黑釉刻划花、宋三彩、红绿彩、白地黑花、清代褐彩、民国蓝花及现代磁州窑图案等。
The raw materials of Cizhou kiln are seleced from the local area, including green soil, white alkali, cylinder soil, cage soil, loess soil (black soil), knar, purple soil, sagger, hydrometallurgy feldspar and so on. The kiln workers decorate potteries with a variety of colors by applying unique skills. Cizhou kiln is also rich in its blanking technique characterized by picturesque styles, including sculpturing, throwing, jiggering and hand-pressing. It is praiseworthy to introduce decoration arts of Cizhou kiln which can be divided into three categories: white engobe coating, black-glazed white alkali and low-melting painted porcelain. Its decoration skills contain white engobe coating, white-glazed porcelain with carved flowers, porcelain with carved pearls, black-glazed porcelain with carved flowers, tricolor-glazed pottery of Song Dynasty, red and green porcelain, black decoration on white porcelain, brown decorated porcelain of Qing Dynasty, blue decorated porcelain of the Republic of China and contemporary designs of Cizhou kiln.
以磁州窑的传统烧制技艺为核心，还形成了包括商贸街区民俗文化、口头文学、窑坊建筑艺术等在内的陶瓷行业文化。彭城古镇庙会最盛时每年达二十多个，促进了陶瓷商贸活动，产生了独特丰富的商贸习俗、民间故事、生产谚语，留下了大量的器皿文字和绘画等。
Cizhou kiln with its traditional firing and manufacturing skills as the core has formed pottery cultures consisting of folk cultures in business streets, oral literature, and kiln architecture skills. Temple fairs in Pengcheng Town were held for over twenty times annually in peak period, advancing pottery trade on the one hand and generating abundant trade customs, folktales, idioms as well as a large quantity of utensil inscriptions and paintings on the other hand.
在现代化的冲击下，磁州窑传统烧制技艺已经面临着老艺人退休、传统生产方式和制作观念改变、生产资金缺乏、手工技艺失传的局面，急需进行全面的抢救、保护。
Under the impact of modernization, Cizhou kiln firing and manufacturing skills are faced with the following difficulties: retirement of old craftsmen, change of traditional producing and manufacturing concepts, insufficiency of production funds and lost manual skills. Saving and protection are highly needed to be carried out in an all around way.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
刘立忠
Liu Lizhong