The Legend of Dong Yong 董永传说

时间：2006年
Date: 2006
类别：民间文学
Category:
地区：山西，江苏，河南，湖北
Region: Shanxi Province, Jiangsu Province, Henan Province, Hubei Province
编号：Ⅰ—9
Project No. I-9
申报地区或单位：山西省万荣县
Name of Applicant (region and institution): Wanrong County, Shanxi Province
江苏省东台市
Dongtai County, Jiangsu Province
河南省武陟县
Wuzhi County, Henan Province
湖北省孝感市
Xiaogan City, Hubei Province
董永传说最早载于西汉刘向的《孝子传（图）》。此后三国曹植的《灵芝篇》和东晋干宝的《搜神记》也都有相关记载。干宝的记载因主题突出（行孝）、情节完整（“鹿车载父”、“卖身葬父”与天女适嫁“助君偿债”）而在我国农村地区广泛流传，成为两千多年来故事嬗变和文学移植的母本，对后世影响深远。由于董永与七仙女的故事是一则既有教化作用又有爱情色彩的民间传说，其教化内容同中国民众长治久安的大众心理需求相适应，爱情故事又契合了民众追求婚姻幸福的内在感情，所以它的神奇幻想同人间现实巧妙融合的艺术特色深受民众喜爱。该传说在长期口耳相传的过程中，因地、因时、因人而异，不断演变，在发展流变过程中具有了向爱情故事演变的趋势，但主题和“母体”并没有大的变化。20世纪以来的一百年间，董永故事一直成为拥有广大受众的俗文学（如说唱、戏曲）以及后起的影视文学创作追逐的题材，出现了电影黄梅戏《天仙配》等影响广远的作品。
The Legend of Dong Yong was recorded in as early as the Biography of Filial Sons (pictures) by Liu Xiang in West Han Dynasty. Hereafter, there were also texts about it in Five-character Poems: Ganoderma Lucidum by Cao Zhi in the Three Kingdoms and The Story of Immortals Searching by Gan Bao in East Jin Dynasty. The narration of Gan Bao has been spreading widely in the rural areas of China thanks to its highlight of theme (filialness) and complete plots (Riding the Father in a Deer Cart, Selling oneself to Fund the Funeral of His Dead Father, Heavenly Lady Making Proposal to Help Pay off Debts). It has become the source to make adaptation or implantation over 2,000 years, exerting a great influence on the future generations. As the story of Dong Yong and Seventh Immortal Girl is a folktale of edifying effects and romantic elements, the edifying content finds acknowledgement in the general public of China concerning long peace and social stability while the romantic scenarios fit in with the mentality of pursuing marital happiness at the grassroots level. Hence the popularity of its wonderful integration of magic imagination with harsh realities on the earth among the populace. During the course of circulation, the legend varied as the place, time and people and showed a sign of changing into a love story, but without big changes to the theme or main body. Over the hundred years of 20th century, the story of Dong Yong has been the theme that the popular folk literature (narration-chant and traditional opera) and the late-emerging film literature. In particular, the film Married with Heavenly Immortal Girl, a presentation of Huangmei Opera, has become a masterwork of a far-reaching impact.
董永传说在两千多年的漫长流传过程中，不断与各地的民众生活相结合。由于民众情感的渗透和口碑的附会，产生了富有地方特色的传说，留下相沿而成的风俗及与董永身世有关的文物、碑碣、村落、地名等遗迹。山西省万荣县、江苏省东台市、河南省武陟县、湖北省孝感市等地不仅有与董永相关的遗迹，而且地方志中也多有记载，都称董永是当地人，如山东博兴有董家庄、董永墓；山西万荣小淮村有“董永故里”的匾额，民间还织造“合婚布”；河南省武陟县每年农历二月初三和十一月初十均举行盛大的祭拜孝子的庙会活动；江苏省东台市有董家舍，南宋《方舆胜览》即记载这里为“孝子董永故居”等。多地流传、不断附会的“滚雪球”现象是传说故事常有的特点。董永传说蕴含的历史、文学资料对研究我国各个历史时期社会、经济、政治、文化，特别是文学艺术等方面的研究都有一定的价值。董永传说的教化功能对当今建设社会主义精神文明和构建和谐社会的实践具有一定的现实意义。
In the process of circulation over more than 2,000 years, the Legend of Dong Yong had been constantly localized, taking in various aboriginal elements. Due to penetration of the listeners’ sensation and follow-up of popularity, episodes of local color came into being, leaving us inherited custom and remains relating to background of Dong Yong such as cultural relics, tombstones, villages, and names of places. Not only have remains pertaining to Dong Yong been found in Wanrong County, Shanxi Province, Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, Wuzhi County, Henan Province, and Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, but there are also records in local histories claiming Dong Yong to be a local: for example, there is a Dong Village and a tomb of Dong Yong in Boxing, Shandong Province. In Xiaohuai Village, Wanrong County, Shanxi Province, there is an inscribed board “The Domicile of Dong Yong” and the folks also weave a kind of “intermarriage cloth”. In Wuzhi County, Henan Province, grand temple fair activities offering sacrifice to filial sons are held on Feb. 2nd and Nov. 10th each year according to the lunar calendar. In Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, there is one Dong Cottage, which, according to the recordings in A Complete Guide to Geography of South Song Dynasty. The snowballing phenomenon of wide circulation and constant appending is something common to the development of legends. The historical and literary information contained in the Legend of Dong Yong is of great value in studies concerning society, economy, politics and culture, literature and art in particular. The edifying function of it is also of practical significance during the course of fostering socialist ideology and decorum as well as peace and prosperity of society in this country.