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Current Location: Homepage » Chinese Culture » Culture » Main Body

Chinese Culture - History of China

Time:2013-11-17Source:Internet
Profile:Chinese Culture - History of China
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
China, one of the countries that can boast of an ancient civilization, has a long and mysterious history - almost 5,000 years of it! Like most other great civilizations of the world, China can trace her culture back to a blend of small original tribes which have expanded till they became the great country we have today.

It is recorded that Yuanmou man is the oldest hominoid in China and the oldest dynasty is Xia Dynasty. From the long history of China, there emerge many eminent people that have contributed a lot to the development of the whole country and to the enrichment of her history. Among them, there are emperors like Li Shimin (emperor Taizong of the Tang), philosophers like Confucius, great patriotic poets like Qu Yuan and so on.

Chinese society has progressed through five major stages - Primitive Society, Slave Society, Feudal Society, Semi-feudal and Semi-colonial Society, and Socialist Society. The rise and fall of the great dynasties forms a thread that runs through Chinese history, almost from the beginning. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1st, 1949, China has become a socialist society and become stronger and stronger.

Dynasty

Period

Founder

Capital

Prehistoric Times

1.7 million years ago - the 21st century BC

recorded leaders include Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun...

around the Yellow River and Yangtze River in central China

Xia

21st - 17th century BC

Yu the Great

Anyi ( in Yuncheng, Shanxi); Yangcheng (in todays's Dengfeng, Zhengzhou, Henan); Yangdi (in todays's Yuzhou, Henan); Zhenxun (in Luoyang, Henan)

Shang

17th century BC - 1046 BC

Tang

Bo (in Shangqiu, Henan); Yin (in Anyang, Henan)

Zhou

1046 - 256 BC

 

 

  Western Zhou

1046 BC - 771 BC

King Wu (Ji Fa)

Fengjing and Haojing (in today's Xian, Shaanxi)

  Easten Zhou

770 - 256 BC

King Ping (Ji Yijiu)

Luoyi (today's Luoyang)

 --- Spring and Autumn Period

770 - 476 BC

 

 

 --- Warring States Period

475 - 221 BC

 

 

Qin

221 - 207 BC

Qin Shi Huang
(Ying Zheng / Zhao Zheng)

Xianyang (in today's Xianyang and Xian of Shaanxi)

Han

202 BC - 220 AD

Liu Bang

 

  Western Han

 202 BC - 9 AD

Liu Bang

Chang'an (today's Xian)

    Xin Dynasty

 9 - 23 AD

Wang Mang

Chang'an (today's Xian)

  Eastern Han

 25 - 220 AD

Liu Xiu

Luoyang

Three Kingdoms Period

220 - 280 AD

 

 

Kindom of Wei

220 - 265 AD

Cao Pi

Luoyang

  Kingdom of Shu

221 - 263 AD

Liu Bei

Chengdu

  Kingdom of Wu

222 - 280 AD

Sun Quan

Jianye (today's Nanjing, Jiangsu)

  Jin

265 - 420 AD

Sima Yan

 

  Western Jin

265 - 316 AD

Sima Yan

Luoyang

  Eastern Jin

317 - 420 AD

Sima Rui

Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu)

  Five Hus and Sixteen States

304 - 439 AD

 

 

  Southern and Northern Dynasties 

420 - 589 AD

 

 

   Southern Dynasties

420 - 589 AD

 

 

 --- Song

420 - 479

Liu Yu

Jiankang (today's Nanjing)

 --- Qi

479 - 502

Xiao Daocheng

Jiankang (Nanjing)

 --- Liang

502 - 557

Xiao Yan

Jiankang (Nanjing)

 --- Chen

557 - 589

Chen Baxian

Jiankang (Nanjing)

   Northern Dynasties

386 - 581 AD

 

 

 --- Northern Wei

386 - 534

Tuoba Gui

Pingcheng (today's Datong, Shanxi); Luoyang

 --- Eastern Wei

534 - 550

Yuan Shanjian (actually controlled by Gao Huan)

Yecheng (in Linzhang, Handan, Hebei)

 --- Western Wei

535 - 557

Yuan Baoju (actually controlled by Yuwen Tai)

Chang'an (today's Xian)

 --- Northern Qi

550 - 577

Gao Yang

Yecheng (in Linzhang, Handan, Hebei)

 --- Northern Zhou

557 - 581

Yuwen Jue

Chang'an (today's Xian)

Sui

581 - 618 AD

Yang Jian

Daxing (in today's Xian, Shaanxi); Luoyang

Tang

618 - 907 AD

Li Yuan

Chang'an (today's Xian); Luoyang

Five Dynasties and Ten States 

907 - 960 AD

 

Bianliang (Kaifeng, Henan); Luoyang

 --- Later Liang

907 - 923 AD

Zhu Wen (Zhu Quanzhong / Zhu Huang)

Bianliang (Kaifeng)

 --- Later Tang

923 - 936 AD

Li Cunxu

Luoyang

 --- Later Jin

936 - 946 AD

Shi Jingtang

Bianliang (Kaifeng)

 --- Later Han

947 - 950 AD

Liu Zhiyuan

Bianliang (Kaifeng)

 --- Later Zhou

951 - 960 AD

Guo Wei

Bianliang (Kaifeng)

      Ten States

902 - 979 AD

 

 

Song

960 - 1279 AD

Zhao Kuangyin

 

 Northern Song

960 - 1127 AD

Zhao Kuangyin

Bianjing (Kaifeng)

Southern Song

1127 - 1279 AD

Zhao Gou

Nanjing (today's Shangqiu, Henan); Lin'an (Hangzhou)

Liao

907 --- 1125 AD

Yelü Abaoji

Shangjing (Baarin Left Banner, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia)

Western Xia Dynasty

1038 - 1227 AD

Li Yuanhao

Xingqing (today's Yinchuan, Ningxia)

Jin

1115 - 1234 AD

Wan-yen A-ku-ta (Wanyan Aguda / Wanyan Min)

Huining (Harbin, Heilongjiang); Zhongdu (today's Beijing); Bianjing (Kaifeng)

Yuan

1271 - 1368 AD

Kublai Khan

Dadu (today's Beijing)

Ming

1368 - 1644 AD

Zhu Yuanzhang

Yingtian (today's Nanjing, Jiangsu); Shuntian (today's Beijing)

Qing

1644 - 1911 AD

Aisin Gioro Nurhachi / Hong Taiji / Fulin (Emeror Shunzhi)

Beijing

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