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Current Location: Homepage » Chinese Reading » Chinese Poems 中国古诗 » Main Body

HARD ROADS IN SHU

Time:2016-12-15Source:Internet
Profile:HARD ROADS IN SHU
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Folk-song-styled-verse
HARD ROADS IN SHU
---Li Bai

Oh, but it is high and very dangerous!
Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky.
...Until two rulers of this region
Pushed their way through in the misty ages,
Forty-eight thousand years had passed
With nobody arriving across the Qin border.
And the Great White Mountain, westward, still has only a bird\'s path
Up to the summit of Emei Peak --
Which was broken once by an earthquake and there were brave men lost,
Just finishing the stone rungs of their ladder toward heaven.
...High, as on a tall flag, six dragons drive the sun,
While the river, far below, lashes its twisted course.
Such height would be hard going for even a yellow crane,
So pity the poor monkeys who have only paws to use.
The Mountain of Green Clay is formed of many circles-
Each hundred steps, we have to turn nine turns among its mound --
Panting, we brush Orion and pass the Well Star,
Then, holding our chests with our hands and sinking to the ground with a groan,
We wonder if this westward trail will never have an end.
The formidable path ahead grows darker, darker still,
With nothing heard but the call of birds hemmed in by the ancient forest,
Male birds smoothly wheeling, following the females;
And there come to us the melancholy voices of the cuckoos
Out on the empty mountain, under the lonely moon....
Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky.
Even to hear of it turns the cheek pale,
With the highest crag barely a foot below heaven.
Dry pines hang, head down, from the face of the cliffs,
And a thousand plunging cataracts outroar one another
And send through ten thousand valleys a thunder of spinning stones.
With all this danger upon danger,
Why do people come here who live at a safe distance?
...Though Dagger-Tower Pass be firm and grim,
And while one man guards it
Ten thousand cannot force it,
What if he be not loyal,
But a wolf toward his fellows?
...There are ravenous tigers to fear in the day
And venomous reptiles in the night
With their teeth and their fangs ready
To cut people down like hemp.
Though the City of Silk be delectable, I would rather turn home quickly.
Such travelling is harder than scaling the blue sky....
But I still face westward with a dreary moan.


乐府   蜀道难
---李白

噫吁戏, 危乎高哉!
蜀道之难难于上青天!
蚕丛及鱼凫, 开国何茫然。
尔来四万八千岁, 始与秦塞通人烟。
西当太白有鸟道, 可以横绝峨眉巅。
地崩山摧壮士死, 然后天梯石栈方钩连。
上有六龙回日之高标, 下有冲波逆折之回川。
黄鹤之飞尚不得, 猿猱欲度愁攀援。
青泥何盘盘, 百步九折萦岩峦,
扪参历井仰胁息, 以手抚膺坐长叹。
问君西游何时还? 畏途巉岩不可攀。
但见悲鸟号古木, 雄飞雌从绕林间;
又闻子规啼, 夜月愁空山。
蜀道之难难于上青天!
使人听此凋朱颜。
连峰去天不盈尺, 枯松倒挂倚绝壁。
飞湍瀑流争喧豗, 砯崖转石万壑雷。
其险也如此! 嗟尔远道之人,
胡为乎来哉? 剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬,
一夫当关, 万夫莫开;
所守或匪亲, 化为狼与豺,
朝避猛虎, 夕避长蛇,
磨牙吮血, 杀人如麻。
锦城虽云乐, 不如早还家。
蜀道之难难于上青天, 侧身西望常咨嗟。
 
【注释】
《蜀道难》:古乐府曲名,属《相和歌·瑟调曲》,古代诗人常用来描写蜀地道路的艰难。胡震亨《唐音癸签》卷二十一 说:《蜀道难》自是古曲,梁、陈作者,止言其险,而不及其他。(李)白则兼采张载《剑阁铭》一人荷戟,万夫趑趄,形胜之 地,匪亲弗居等语用之,为恃险割据与羁留在佐逆者著戒。壮士死:传说秦惠玉嫁五美女给蜀,蜀国派五位壮士去迎接,返至梓 关,遇山崩,五壮士被压死,五美女上山化为石。
噫吁戏:惊叹声。
蜀道:一般指自陕西进入四川的山路。
蚕丛、鱼凫:传说中古蜀国的两个国王。
茫然:茫味难详。
四万八千岁:极言时间久远。
秦塞:秦地。古代蜀国本与中原不通,至秦惠王灭蜀,开始与中原相通。
太白:山名,秦岭主峰,在今陕西省周至一带。
天梯:上陡峰的山路。
六龙:相传太阳神坐由六条龙拉的车而行,被高标所阻而回车。
冲波逆折:激浪逆流。
黄鹤:即黄鹄,一种高飞的鸟。
猿猱:统指猿类。
青泥:岭名,在今陕西省略阳县。
萦岩峦:缭绕在山峰间。
抚膺:抚胸。
巉岩:险峭的山岩。
号:聒噪。
子规:杜鹃鸟。
凋朱颜:容颜为之衰老。
去天:离天。
绝壁:陡峭的山壁。
喧豗:轰响声。
嗟:叹息。
胡:何。
峥嵘、崔嵬:高峻的样子。
锦城:锦官城、今四川成都。
咨嗟:叹息。

【译文】
啊!多么险峻,多么高!蜀道难走,比上天还难。蚕丛和鱼凫两个蜀王,开国的事情多么渺茫不清。从那以后经过四万八千年,才和秦地的人有交通。西边挡着太白山,只有鸟道,高飞的鸟才可以横渡峨嵋山顶。直到地崩山塌壮士都被压死,然后才有了天梯与石栈相互连接。上面有即使是拉车的六龙也要绕弯的最高峰,下面有冲激高溅的波浪逆折的漩涡。高飞的黄鹤尚且飞不过去,猿猴想过去,发愁没有地方可以攀援。青泥山迂回曲折,很短的路程内要转很多弯,盘绕着山峰。屏住呼吸伸手可以摸到星星,用手摸着胸口空叹息。问你西游什么时侯回来?可怕的路途,陡峭的山岩难以攀登。只见鸟儿叫声凄厉,在古树上悲鸣,雌的和雄的在林间环绕飞翔。又听见杜鹃在月夜里啼叫,哀愁充满空山。蜀道难走啊,比上天还难,让人听了这话红颜衰谢。连绵的山峰离天不到一尺,枯松靠着陡直的绝壁倒挂着。急流瀑布争着喧嚣而下,撞击山崖使石头翻滚发出雷鸣般声响。就是这么危险,你这远道的人,为什么来到这里?剑阁高峻崎岖而突兀不平,一个人守住关口,万人也打不开。守关的如果不可靠,就会变成当道的豺狼。早晨要躲避猛虎,晚上要提防长蛇,磨着牙齿吸人血,杀的人数不清。锦城虽然是个安乐的地方,还是不如回家好。蜀道难走啊,比上天还难,侧过身向西望着,长长地叹息。

【赏析】 
这首诗是借用乐府旧题表达人生道路的艰难。全诗紧紧围绕一个“难”字,以豪放雄健的笔触,神奇丰富的想象,大胆巧妙的夸张,长短错落的句式与和谐多变的韵律,十分形象地描绘了蜀道的雄伟壮丽、奇异险绝的景状。这是一篇融注着浓厚的浪漫主义激情的优秀诗章。全诗分为六段,自“噫吁 ”危乎高哉“至然后天梯石栈相钩连为第一段,概述了蜀道来历。它一开头,以突兀而来的散文笔法,连用了两个加强的惊叹句,极大地渲染 蜀道奇险的气氛。紧跟着就发出了蜀地山川的奇险,以高度夸张的形象,矗立在我们面前,给人一种惊诧而惶惧的感觉。第四句自“连峰去天不盈尺”至“嗟尔远道之人胡为乎来哉,是对第三段的补充:绝壁上,枯松倒桂;深涧中,飞瀑雷鸣,多么怵目惊心。接着第五段,是在上面所描述的蜀地山川奇险的基础上,触发人事,指出在这样险要的地方,如果所守匪亲”,就可能被野心家所利用,酿成惨烈的祸乱。最后四句一段,是尾声,它以劝告友人的诚挚语气,希望他及早还家,并再一次发出了“蜀道之难难于上青天”的深沉叹息,寄寓隐忧,与前面互相呼应,用以收束全篇,从而化深化了《蜀道难》的主题,使奇险的山川和对国事的忧虑,紧密地结合起来,表现为一种严肃的思想,这正是李白诗歌浪漫主义精神的突出特点。李白在这首诗中,根据他在蜀地丰富的生活经验,驰骋其丰富的想象,以生动的语言,夸张的手法,惊异的形象,极力描绘出了一幅蜀地山川奇险图,展现了祖国大自然壮丽多姿的风貌。全诗结构严谨,层次分明而又变幻莫测,它知识内容的需要,不断地变换句式和韵律,使诗歌气势更加自由奔放,雄健有力。诗中“道之难难于上青天,”三次出现,鲜明地突出了全诗抒情的基调和旋律,从而在关联呼应、一唱三叹中,反蜀道的峰高谷险,层层叠叠描绘至极,把诗人的强烈情感,渐渐推向令人神往的宏大意境。
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