Traditional Drama 传统戏剧 Zhengzi Opera 正字戏

时间：2006年
Date: 2006
类别：传统戏剧
Category: Traditional Opera
地区：广东
Region: Guangdong Province
编号：Ⅳ—15
Project No. IV-15
申报地区或单位：广东省陆丰市
Name of Applicant (region or institution): Lufeng City, Guangdong Province
正字戏本名正音戏，用中州官话唱念，是一个多声腔的古老稀有剧种。明初南戏的一支传入粤东，形成正字戏，主要扎根于海陆丰地区，后传播到港澳台及东南亚等地。
Zhengzi Opera, or Zhengyin Opera, is an ancient, rare multi-toned opera chanted in the official tone of the ancient central plain. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, one branch of the south opera was introduced to the east of Guangdong and became what it is today. It settled in Hailufeng region (now Shanwei City) and later spread to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan areas and the South East Asian region.
正字戏有传统剧目两千六百多个，分为文戏和武戏两类。文戏有明代宣德七年的《正字刘希必金钗记》及嘉靖年间的《蔡伯喈》南戏抄本和一批较完整的清代、民国抄本，以及20世纪50年代的记录本。《三元记》、《五桂记》、《满床笏》、《月华缘》“四大喜戏”，《荆钗记》、《葵花记》、《琵琶记》、《白兔记》“四大苦戏”和《忠义烈》、《千里驹》、《铁弓缘》、《马陵道》“四大弓马戏”统称十二真本戏。武戏多为连台本戏，如《三国》、《隋唐》等。
The traditional programs of Zhengzi Opera are about 2,600, falling into Quiet Setting and Dynamic Setting. The Quiet Setting ones include Gold Hairpin: Zhengzi Opera by Liu Xibi during the reign of Xuande and the handwritten script of south opera of Cai Bojie during the reign of Jiajing (both being works of the Ming Dynasty), well-preserved handwritten scripts of Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, as well as transcript of the 1950’s. The Four Comedic (The Sanyuan Record, The Wugui Record, The Tablets Strewn in Bed, and The Lunar Luck), the Four Tragic (The Tale of Hairpin, the Tale of Sunflower, The Story of Pipa Zither, and The Story of White Rabbit) and the Four Bow-horse (The Loyal and Righteous, Fine Steed, the Story of Iron Bow, and The Maling Walkway) are together called The Twelve True Opera. The Dynamic Settings basically include opera of successive performance, such as The Three Kingdoms, and The Sui and Tang Dynasties.
正字戏表演风格古朴，气魄宏大，特别擅演连台本戏。文戏的唱腔保留着古老的面貌，以曲牌体的正音曲、唱牌子为主，杂以乱弹、小调等。正音曲以奚琴领奏，大锣、大鼓伴奏，唱牌子以笛子、大小唢呐伴奏。正音曲中有很多曲牌直接继承了弋阳、青阳古腔，滚唱运用得较为普遍。昆腔曲牌有一百多支，其中有一部分充分体现了北曲严格、完整的组织形式。武戏即提纲戏，没有或少有唱腔，用吹打牌子伴奏以渲染气氛，气氛热烈火爆，有抖靠旗、抖肌肉、抖髯口、跑布马、展示南派武功等精彩表演，能很好地表现各种历史、军事场景。正字戏传统有红面、乌面、白面、老生、武生、白扇、正旦、花旦、帅主、公末、婆、丑等12行当，演出中有些行当勾画脸谱。正字戏的脸谱有毛面、水龟目、鹰嘴、虎目等两百多种图案。
The performance of Zhengzi Opera features a style of ancient flavor as well as atmosphere of overwhelming grandeur, especially suitable for successive performance. The chanting tone of Quiet Setting retains an ancient flavor with regular tunes of opera and tone chanting as the major form intermingled with the miscellany and minor tunes. The regular tunes of opera take the Xi zither as the lead, accompanied by Big Gong and Big Drum and the tone chanting is accompanied by flute and big and small trumpets. Many tones of the regular tunes are direct inheritance from ancient tones of Yiyang and Qingyang and the roll chanting is most commonly adopted. The number of tones of Kun Opera is about 100, some of which fully exhibit the strict and complete form of north opera; the Dynamic Setting, or outline opera, has few or no tones with only blowing and beating instruments to set up the passionate and exciting atmosphere. It includes performance of martial arts of both north and south schools like flag shaking, muscle movements, moustache display, and fabric horse show, all of which can very well show the historical and military scenes. The traditional Zhengzi Opera falls into 12 roles: red face, black face, white face, old male, martial arts male, white fan, chief female, secondary female, young master, old male, old female and clown, with some of them having painted faces during performance. The painted faces concerned include more than 200 patterns including hairy face, terrapin eye, eagle beak, and tiger eye.
正字戏是古老南戏的变体，为戏曲声腔的流变和地方文化对戏曲的影响等研究提供有力的证据。目前正字戏的生存出现危机，需要有关方面及时加以抢救和保护。
The Zhengzi Opera is a variation of the ancient southern branch of opera, providing a solid evidence for researching the influence of evolution of opera tones and local culture on opera. At present, the opera is facing a crisis of survival and awaiting preservation and salvation of authorities concerned.