Gaoqiao高跷

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间舞蹈
Category: Folk Dance
地区：山西，辽宁，甘肃
Regions: Shanxi Province, Liaoning Province, and Gansu Province
编号：Ⅲ-9
Ref. No.: Ⅲ-9
高跷也叫“高跷秧歌”，是一种广泛流传于全国各地的民间舞蹈，因舞蹈时多双脚踩踏木跷而得名。高跷历史久远，源于古代百戏中的一种技术表演，北魏时即有踩高跷的石刻画像；高跷一般以舞队的形式表演，舞队人数十多人至数十人不等；大多舞者扮演某个古代神话或历史故事中的角色形象，服饰多模仿戏曲行头；常用道具有扇子、手绢、木棍、刀枪等；表演形式有“踩街”和“撂场”两种，撂场有舞队集体边舞边走各种队形图案的“大场”和两三人表演的“小场”，角色间多男女对舞，有时边舞边唱。各地高跷所使用的木跷从30厘米至300厘米，高低不一。从表演风格上又分为“文跷”和“武跷”，文跷重扭踩和情节表演；武跷重炫技功夫。
Gaoqiao, also known as gaoqiao yangge, is a folk dance widely distributed throughout China, and is so named because performers walk on stilts while dancing (note: qiao in Chinese means stilts). Time-honored gaoqiao originated from an acrobatic show in ancient times. Images of men walking on stilts have been found in the stone inscriptions of the Northern Wei Dynasty (368-534). Normally, gaoqiao is performed in dancing groups, which may have dozens of members; most of the dancers, dressed up in costumes, play certain characters from ancient myths or historical stories; the common properties may include a fan, a handkerchief, a stick, a sword or a spear; there are two performing patterns, namely, caijie (walking the street) and liaochang (centering on the scene) which can be further divided into dachang (a large scene) in which the dancing squad performs in different formations and patterns while walking; and xiaochang (a small scene) in which there are only two to three performers, usually a couple of male and female performers who sing while dancing. The stilts used may be anywher from 30 to up to 300 centimeters high. In terms of performing style, gaoqiao can be divided into wenqiao (civilized stilt dancing) and wuqiao (martial arts styled stilt dancing), the former featuring twisted walking and plot shows and the latter focusing on tricks display or martial arts.
高跷•高跷走兽
Gaoqiao • gaoqiao zoushou
申报地区或单位：山西省稷山县
Nominating unit(s): Jishan County, Shanxi Province
高跷走兽艺术是山西省稷山县清河镇阳城村庙会文化活动的一种表演形式。它盛行于清朝雍正初年，出现在规模盛大的庙会活动中，经久不衰，至今已有三百多年的历史。
Gaoqiao zoushou is a cultural activity performance presented at temple fairs at Yangcheng Village, Qinghe Town, Jishan County, Shanxi Province. Booming at the early days of the Yongzheng reign (1722-1735), the Qing Dynasty, the ever-favored show was staged at grand temple fairs, and so far, it boasts of a history of over 300 years.
高跷走兽由兽头、兽身和表演人员组成，表演时二人足踩高跷同演骑兽状，演员负重荷，按曲牌节拍行走。辅助配乐由锣鼓、花鼓等打击乐器组成。人及兽的造形奇特，在鼓乐声中列阵行进时，气势宏伟，十分壮观。现有的走兽形象基本都由古时流传下来，虽经多次修补，原貌仍存。其兽头和兽身由技术很高的艺人做出模型，用麻丝、麻纸、细绳、细竹、铁丝、布料等缝制和绑缚而成，并涂以五颜六色，外形威武而精美。稷山县清河镇阳城村分为南、北阳城，北阳城的走兽包括：独角兽、貅狼、麒麟、竹马、猫等，南阳城的走兽包括：黑狸虎、梅花鹿、貘等。
Gaoqiao zoushou consists of an animal head, an animal body and performers. During the performance, two performers walk on stilts, playing the riding of the animal, and with a heavy load, they move along to the rhythm provided. Percussion instruments, such as gongs and flower-drums, are played in the background. With music blaring, strange human and animal characters proceed in formation, forming a magnificent scene. The images of walking animals have been passed on since ancient times, and preserve their original appearance with slight alterations. The animal heads and bodies have been molded by highly accomplished artists; they are sewed and bounded with such substances as spun yarn, hem paper, thin threads, thin bamboo, iron wires and cloth, and look mighty and exquisite after being painted with colors. Yangcheng Village in Qinghe Town is divided into South Yangcheng and North Yangcheng. The walking animals in the south village include unicorns, wolves, kylins, hobbyhorses, and cats, while those in the north include black leopards, spotted deer, and tapirs.
高跷走兽这一民间舞蹈活动丰富了人民群众精神文化生活，增强了人与人之间的团结和谐，同时还体现了当地老百姓祈盼风调雨顺，农业丰收的美好愿望。时下，高跷走兽这一民间舞蹈活动面临青黄不接的状况，亟待采取有效措施，实施抢救和传承。
Gaoqiao zoushou, as a folk dance, enriches citizens’ spiritual and cultural life, enhances the unity and harmony between humanity and nature, and embodies the wish of the local people for good weather and plentiful harvests. At present, performers of gaoqiao zoushou are in short supply, and effective measures must be promptly taken to conserve and pass on this artistic form.
高跷•海城高跷
Gaoqiao •Haicheng gaoqiao
申报地区或单位：辽宁省海城市
Nominating unit(s): Haicheng City, Liaoning Province
海城高跷秧歌历史悠久，清代文献资料显示其可考的历史有三百余年。清末海城高跷日见成熟，形成一支职业半职业的艺人队伍。艺人们身怀绝技，各有千秋，故其传承谱系蔚为壮观。从1820年的第一代传人小金子、大来子，到1887年第二代的红、粉、黄、蓝、白、青六朵菊花（艺名），1902年第三代的张久荣（艺名白菜心），1940年第四代的吴奎一（号抓地虎）、王凤翔（号滚地雷），1951年第五代的王连成（号王小辫），1970年第六代的陈士友（小生）、秦丽（小旦）等，出现了许多杰出的高跷艺人。
Haicheng gaoqiao yangge boasts a long history with records dating back to over 300 years ago, according to the documentation in the Qing Dynasty. At the end of the Dynasty, Haicheng gaoqiao gradually matured, and a semi-professional team of performers was thus formed. All with extraordinary skills, they had their individual merits, resulting in a different but splendid inheritance. A great number of gaoqiao performers rose to fame successively, including Xiao Jinzi and Da Laizi of the first generation in 1820, Six Color Chrysanthemums (whose stage names were Red Chrysanthemum, Pink Chrysanthemum, Yellow Chrysanthemum, Blue Chrysanthemum, White Chrysanthemum, and Green Chrysanthemum) of the second generation in 1887, Zhang Jiurong (whose stage name was Baicaixin) of the third generation in 1902, Wu Kuyi (whose pseudonym was Zhadihu) and Wang Fengxiang (whose pseudonym was Gundilei) of the fourth generation in 1940, Wang Liancheng (whose pseudonym was Wang Xiaobian) of the fifth generation in 1951, and Chen Shiyou (playing a young male) and Qin Li (playing a young female) of the sixth generation in 1970.
海城高跷秧歌是民众十分喜爱的民间舞蹈，欢腾、奔放、热烈、火爆是其基调，优美、抒情、风趣、诙谐是其特色，二者的统一构成海城高跷秧歌的艺术特征，衍生出“扭、浪、逗、相”四大技法要素。在海城高跷秧歌的表演中，气势恢宏的大场和轻快细腻的小场包括了音乐、舞蹈、杂技、戏曲等多种形式，构成以舞蹈为主体的综合性民间广场艺术。海城高跷秧歌不仅在当地，而且在国内外都有广泛影响。1988年它在全国广场民间舞蹈大赛中一举夺冠，1997年以来多次参加国内外各种盛大演出，其表演独树一帜，显示出东北地区高跷秧歌的特色。
Haicheng gaoqiao yangge is a folk dance highly popular among local people; its main features are jubilation, bold expressiveness, vehemence, and burning enthusiasm; it is also characterized by its elegance, lyrics, wit and humor. The two, when combined together, constitute the artistic features of Haicheng gaoqiao yangge, giving birth to four major techniques, namely, twisting, waving, teasing and posing. During the performance, the grand dachang and exquisite xiaochang cover a number of artistic forms, such as music, dancing, acrobatics and opera, which are all part of an integrated folk square art that centers on dancing. It has had extensive influence not only locally but also in other parts of the world. In 1988, it placed first at the China Square Folk Dance Contest. Since 1997, it has participated in many grand performances both at home and abroad, displaying distinctive features and unique style of gaoqiao yangge in Northeast China.
海城高跷秧歌历史上曾辉煌一时，并一直在民间传承不绝。但是由于一些老艺人相继去世，后继乏人，目前其表演技艺正面临失传的危险，亟待抢救和保护。
It once experienced a glorious period in history and has been passed on among local people. But, with the gradual disappearance of older performers, Haicheng gaoqiao faces a shortage of successors. The performing techniques and art are on the verge of being lost, and an urgent need exists to rescue and conserve this ancient art.
高跷•辽西高跷
Gaoqiao •West Liaoning gaoqiao
申报地区或单位：辽宁省锦州市
Nominating unit(s): Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province
据可考史料，辽西高跷秧歌已有二百多年的历史。
According to historical materials, West Liaoning gaoqiao has a history of over 200 years.
辽西高跷秧歌的特点是跷高，最低的90公分，依次升高，最高的可达240公分，演员需坐在房檐上绑跷腿。因跷高且富弹性，舞者为保持全身平衡，双臂必须上下不停摆动，才能表演自如，由此构成辽西高跷“大大舞”的基本动律。也因为跷高，辽西高跷秧歌形成了扔、跨、蹲、别、拧等技巧和美、浪、俏、哏、逗等形态，动作潇洒漂亮，场面热烈火爆，有扭中美、美中浪、浪中俏、俏中哏、哏中逗等突出的表演特色，充分展现了辽西人的豪迈性格。
The feature of West Liaoning gaoqiao yangge is stilt height; the lowest is 90 centimeters and the highest may reach up to 240 centimeters. Performers often have to sit on top of roofs to bind the stilt legs. Because of stilt height and elasticity, dancers have to keep swinging their arms up and down so that they can keep balance and perform freely. This constitutes the basic rhythm of dadawu (a kind of dance) in the gaoqiao. It is also because of stilt height that it developed techniques, such as throwing, striding, squatting, sticking and twisting, and patterns, such as beatifying, waving, attracting, laugh-inviting and teasing. With unconventional and beautiful movements, the performances are often well received by audiences. The distinctive performing features, such as niuzhongmei (beautifully twisting), meizhonglang (tempting beauty), langzhongqiao (unrestrained beauty), qiaozhonggen (fun in prettiness), and genzhongdou (teasing in jest), fully display the bold and generous nature of the West Liaoning people.

辽西高跷秧歌有自己独特的传承方式。一为家族传承，如大薛乡三屯村第一代传人朱秀峰（1840年出生）传了五代；二为师徒传承，如营盘乡范屯村第一代传人朱有余（1864年出生）传了四代；三为自然传承，由于辽西高跷秧歌深受群众喜爱，许多爱好者在不断观看演出中自学成才，成为新军。
West Liaoning gaoqiao yangge has its own unique methods of inheritance. One involves inheritance along family lines; for example, Zhu Xiufeng (born in 1840) of the first-generation successor at Santun Village, Daxue Town passed on the art over five generations; the second is the acquisition from a master, such as Zhu Youyu (born in 1864) of the first generation carried it on over four generations; and the third is natural inheritance. Since West Liaoning gaoqiao yangge is warmly received by audiences, many enthusiasts learn it by themselves after repeated viewings and later become a new force on the stage.
辽西高跷秧歌具有重要的文化艺术价值，在当地及省内外有着广泛的群众影响。
West Liaoning gaoqiao yangge has significant cultural and artistic value, and enjoys huge public influence locally and domestically.
由于辽西高跷秧歌的一些老艺人相继去世，后继乏人，其表演技艺特别是全国独一无二的“特高高跷”正面临失传的危险，亟待抢救和保护。
Since the passing of some veteran performers, West Liaoning gaoqiao, especially the unique tegao gaoqiao (extremely high stilts) in China, now faces a shortage of successors. Urgent conservation efforts are required to rescue this unique art form in China.
高跷•苦水高高跷
Gaoqiao•Kushui gaogaoqiao
申报地区或单位：甘肃省永登县
Nominating unit(s): Yongdeng County, Gansu Province
甘肃省永登县苦水街高高跷，起源于元末明初，到现在已有近七百年的历史。高高跷是当地一门祖辈相传的民间表演艺术，也是农历二月二龙抬头社火中一个传统的保留节目。表演者穿上传统的戏剧服装，画上秦腔剧中人物的脸谱，拿上道具，踩上高高跷，排成长队，在太平鼓队强大阵容的引导下上街表演。苦水高高跷跷腿的高度达3至3.3米，居全国之冠。
Gaogaoqiao at Kushui Street, Yongdeng Country, Gansu Province originated during the transitional period of the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. So far, it boasts of a history of about 700 years. As a folk performing art that has been passed on from generation to generation, it is a traditional repertoire to celebrate the second day of the second lunar month, the day when legend has it that the dragon would raise its head. After putting on traditional costumes and wearing the make-up of the characters in Shannxi Opera, the performers take their props and walk on stilts in a long queue to prepare for the street performance guided by powerful Taiping drums. Kushui gaogaoqiao has heights ranging from 3 to 3.3 meters, making them the tallest among all gaoqiao in China.
时下，苦水高高跷面临传承窘境，表演人员心理不稳定，舞种生存遇到危机，需要有关部门投入财力、人力、物力进行发掘和保护。
The art is currently in danger of disappearing, and requires financial, manpower and material inputs from relevant departments to ensure its protection and preservation.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
邢传佩 杨敏 王新惠
Xing Chuanpei, Yang Min and Wang Xinhui