Lanzhou Taipinggu (taiping drum dance) 兰州太平鼓

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间舞蹈
Category: Folk Dance
地区：甘肃
Region: Gansu Province
编号：Ⅲ-15
Ref. No.: III-15
申报地区或单位：甘肃省兰州市
Nominating unit[s]: Lanzhou City, Gansu Province
甘肃兰州太平鼓舞已有六百余年的历史，素有"天下第一鼓"之称，流传于兰州、永登、酒泉、张掖、靖远等地。兰州太平鼓呈圆筒形，鼓身高70至75厘米，鼓面径长45至50厘米，鼓重19至22公斤，双面蒙牛皮，绘有二龙戏珠等图案，鼓带较长，可挎在肩上，便于击打，同时又可将鼓抛向任何一个方向。兰州太平鼓舞是群舞，有"大轿迎宾"、"黄河儿女"、"擂台比武"等多种表演形式。鼓队有24至48人，多的达到108人。鼓手在领队的号令下击锣伴奏，队形不断变换，一会儿是"两军对垒"、"金龙交尾"、"双重突围"，一会儿是"车轮旋战"、"跳打"、"蹲打"、"翻身打"、"岸打"，等等。兰州太平鼓经过几代民间艺人和艺术工作者的编排、加工和完善，逐渐形成了"低鼓"、"中鼓"、"高鼓"三种基本打法，在此基础上糅进戏剧架子功技法和武术技法，加强节奏的变化，单一的太平鼓击鼓节奏衍出轻、重、缓、急的不同打法，队形变化也更加流畅。鼓、锣、钹新技法的编排使兰州太平鼓更加音乐化、美术化、舞蹈化和性格化，在继承的基础上有了合理的发展。
Lanzhou Taipinggu (or Taiping drum dance) in Gansu Province has been long known as the crown of drum dances in the world, with a history of more than 600 years. It is quite popular in Lanzhou, Yongdeng, Jiuquan, Zhangye, Jingyuan, etc. Lanzhou's Taiping Drum is cylinder-shaped, with drum body 70-75cm high, drumhead 45-50cm long in diameter, and drum weight 19-22kg. Its upper and lower surfaces are covered by cow leather, painted with such patterns as two dragons playing with a pearl. Its strap is long enough to be hung over shoulders, facilitating percussion and helping a drummer throw it to any direction. As a kind of group dance, Taipinggu dance has such diversified performance forms as "Da Jiao Ying Bin" (carry the sedan chair to welcome guests), "Huang He Er Nv" (sons and daughters of the Yellow River), "Lei Tai Bi Wu" (martial arts competition on the arena) and the like. A drum team usually consists of 24-48 drummers, even up to 108 drummers. Directed by the team head, drummers beat gongs and drums for accompaniment, with frequently changed team formations like "Liang Jun Dui Lei" (two armies duly meet and face each other standing in readiness), "Jin Long Jiao Wei" (two gold dragons matching), "Shuang Chong Tu Wei" (break out of an encirclement doubly), "Che Lun Xuan Zhan" (wheels rotating for fight), "Tiao Da" (beating while jumping), "Dun Da" (beating while squatting), "Fan Shen Da" (beating while turning over), "An Da" (beating while standing). After unremitting efforts of several generations of folk artisans and artists through orchestration, improving and perfecting, the three basic playing methods as "low drum", "medium drum" and "high drum" have been gradually developed. Moreover, skills of Jiazigong (body frame practice) of drama and martial arts skills have been absorbed to enhance rhythmic variations. Consequently, a monotonous playing skill has evolved into four types of playing skills: heavy, light, slow and fast, and a team formation change can be achieved in a smoother way. New skills in employing drum, gong, and cymbal have also added musical, artistic, orchestic and dispositional elements to Lanzhou Taipinggu. Such rational development has been made on the basis of inheritance.
发掘、保护甘肃兰州太平鼓舞，不仅对继承和丰富中国鼓舞文化有积极意义，而且能增进中国古代舞蹈、音乐的学术研究。进入21世纪以来，兰州太平鼓的生存面临着前所未有的危机，活动人数大量减少，年轻的乡村"好家"也不如以前多了。需要采取措施，加强对兰州太平鼓的挖掘、保护、整理和提高。
There is no doubt that exploration and protection of Lanzhou Taipinggu (Gansu) are of significance not only for inheriting and enriching the Chinese drum dance culture but helping promote academic researches on ancient Chinese dances and music. Since the 21st century, Lanzhou Taipinggu has been confronted with unprecedented survival crisis: the number of people participating in Taipinggu performance has declined greatly and that of young rural "fans" has been much less than before. Therefore, urgent and powerful measures are required to enhance exploration, protection, sorting and improvement of Lanzhou Taipinggu.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
缪正发
Miao Zhengfa