Huagudeng or Flower Drum 花鼓灯

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间舞蹈
Category: Folk Dance
地区：安徽
Region: Anhui Province
编号：Ⅲ-6
Ref. No.: Ⅲ-6
花鼓灯是汉民族中集舞蹈、灯歌和锣鼓音乐、情节性的双（三）人舞和情绪性集体舞完美结合于一体的民间舞种。据史料证明，花鼓灯最迟源于宋代。经过元、明、清、民国时期的发展，至20世纪三四十年代形成了以安徽蚌埠、淮南、阜阳等为中心，辐射淮河中游河南、安徽、山东、江苏四省二十多个县、市的播布区。
Huagudeng is a folk dance of the Han Nationality that combines dancing, lantern songs as well as gong and drum music together and perfectly integrates duo (trio) dances with plots and emotional group dance. According to historical records, the origin of Huagudeng came no later than the Song Dynasty. Through the evolution in the Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty as well as the Republic of China period, this folk dance spread to over 20 counties and cities in four provinces including Henan, Anhui, Shandong and Jiangsu, as well as to the middle reaches of the Huaihe River near Bengbu, Huainan and Fuyang of Anhui during the 1930s~1940s.
花鼓灯多在农村秋收完毕到来年春耕以前演出，尤以庙会、春会为最盛。花鼓灯男角称“鼓架子”，女角称“兰花”（或“拉花”）；演出多在广场举行；一般包括舞蹈、歌唱、后场小戏、锣鼓演奏四部分，主体是舞蹈；舞蹈中又包括“大花场”（或“大场”）、“小花场”（或“小场”）、“盘鼓”等部分；“大场”是一种集体的情绪舞，由数人到十多人表演；“小场”是双人舞或三人舞，主要表现男女青年谈情说爱、玩乐嬉戏的情景，包括基本程式表演和即兴发挥表演，有简单的情节和人物性格舞，如《抢手巾》、《抢板凳》等，是花鼓灯舞蹈的核心部分；“盘鼓”则是舞蹈、武术、技巧表演相结合又具有造型艺术特征的表演形式。后场小戏是一种歌舞结合的小歌舞剧，有《四老爷坐独杆轿》、《推小车》、《小货郎》等。现花鼓灯的表演风格主要分为三个流派：颍上地区，节奏较慢，舞蹈结构严谨，风格古老质朴；凤台地区着重人物情感刻画，动作细腻优美；怀远地区动作轻捷矫健，潇洒倜傥。
Huagudeng is often performed in the countryside after the autumn harvest season and before the spring ploughing period for the following year, especially at temple fairs and spring fairs. Male roles of Huagudeng are called “Gu Jiazi” (the drum stand) and female roles are called “Orchid” (or “La Hua”); it is mainly performed on a square and consists of four parts, dancing, singing, mini-plays at back court and gong and drum performances, with dancing as the main component; the dancing is further divided into the “Large Huachang” (or “Large Court”), “Small Huachang” (or “Small Court”) and “Pan Gu”, etc.; the “Large Court” is a group emotional dance performed by several to up to over 10 dancers; the “Small Court” is a two-person dance or trio dance representing the scenes of young lovers, including the basic routine performance and improvisational performance, as well as dances with simple plots to portray the personality of characters, such as Seizing for the Handkerchief and Seizing the Bench, which is of the core element of the Huagudeng; while “Pan Gu” is a performance combining dance, martial arts and special skills that has certain modeling art features. The mini-play is a small song and dance drama, and representative works including The 4th Lord Setting in the Single-poled Sedan Chair, Pushing the Cart and The Pedlar, etc. There are currently primarily three schools of performance of Huagudeng: in Yingshang, the Huagudeng features slow rhythms, a precise dance structure as well as an old and simple style; in Fengtai, the Huagudeng school emphasizes the emotional description of characters and features exquisite actions; in Huaiyuan, it embodies brisk and vigorous actions and unrestrained emotion.
花鼓灯·蚌埠花鼓灯
Huagudeng•Bengbu huagudeng
申报地区或单位：安徽省蚌埠市
Nominating unit[s]: Bengbu City, Anhui Province
蚌埠花鼓灯集合舞蹈、灯歌和锣鼓音乐，将情节性的双（三）人舞和情绪性的集体舞完美地结合在一起，形成比较系统完整的民间歌舞艺术形式，这是汉民族最具代表性的民间舞蹈，也是淮河文化在舞蹈方面的集中体现。花鼓灯融技艺性、表演性和艺人职业化于一身，具有很强的民俗性和群众自娱性。千百年来，花鼓灯的音乐、舞姿和韵律较为完整地保存了淮河人民生活、劳动、情趣、性格、风俗、风情的记忆，承载了不同时期淮河流域的历史和社会经济文化，存储了淮河人独特的文化观念、审美情趣、民风民俗变化的记忆，并以活态的形式传承至今。
As the most representative folk dance of the Han nationality and the intensive embodiment of the Huaihe Culture, Bengbu Huagudeng combines dancing, lantern songs as well as gong and drum music together and perfectly integrates duo (trio) dance with plots and group emotional dance to form a systematic and complete system of folk song and dance. Integrating superb skills, excellent performances and professional artists, Huagudeng has bright folk dance features and is of great recreational value to the local people. After thousands of years, the music, dance postures and rhythms of Huagudeng have preserved relatively complete memories of the daily life, interests, characters, customs and charms of the people in the Huaihe River Basin, passed on the history as well as social and economic culture of the Huaihe River Basin in different periods, stored the changes in the unique cultural concepts, aesthetic feelings and folkways of the people in the Huaihe River Basin, and have been actively passed down until the present day.
蚌埠花鼓灯包含四百多个语汇、五十多种基本步伐，舞蹈动作超常度高，时间差大，瞬间舞姿复杂多变，这些构成了花鼓灯丰富系统的舞蹈语言体系，使花鼓灯成为用肢体语言表达复杂情节的优秀民间舞蹈形式之一。舞蹈是花鼓灯的主要构成部分，舞蹈中包括“大花场”、“小花场”和“盘鼓”等。“大花场”是集体表演的情绪舞，“小花场”是鼓架子和兰花的双人或三人即兴表演的抒情舞，是花鼓灯舞蹈的核心部分。“盘鼓”则是舞蹈、武术、技巧相结合的表演形式，它同时具有造型艺术的特征。花鼓灯的舞姿和动作很讲究放与收、动与静的巧妙结合，动作的节奏性强，且富有变化。蚌埠地区出现了冯国佩、常春利、郑九如、石经礼、杨再先等一批花鼓灯名家，还产生了《游春》、《抢扇子》等一批有影响的节目，形成了“千班锣鼓百班灯”的鼎盛局面。
Bengbu Huagudeng contains 400 expressions, over 50 basic steps as well as difficult dance postures with large time intervals and various completed instantaneous changes, which in total constitute the rich dance language system of Huagudeng and make it an excellent folk dance to express complicated plots with body languages. Dancing is the main part of Huagudeng, and is further divided into the “Large Huachang”, “Small Huachang” and “Pan Gu”, etc. The “Large Huachang” is a group emotional dance performance; the “Small Huachang” is an improvisational lyrical two-person dance or trio dance performance by the Drum Stand and the Orchid, which is the core of the dance of Huagudeng. “Pan Gu” is a performance combining dance, martial arts and special skills that has certain modeling art features. The dance postures and movements of Huagudeng pay careful attention to the tactful combination of tightness with looseness and stillness with movement. The movements feature strong rhythm sensation and diversified changes. A group of Huagudeng masters like Feng Guopei, Chang Chunli, Zheng Jiuru, Shi Jingli and Yang Zaixian as well as influential works like Sightseeing in Spring and Seizing the Fan have come forth in Bengbu, resulting in a period of great prosperity when there were “thousands of gong and drums and hundreds of Huagudeng Troupes”.
但由于多种原因，目前原生形态的蚌埠花鼓灯已濒临消亡。最具影响力的民间艺人年事已高，民间传承的机制有待重新建立，因此急需有效保护。
However, the primitive Bengbu Huagudeng is now in danger of becoming extinct due to multiple causes. The most influential folk artists are slowly dying off, and folk inheritance mechanisms need to be rebuilt. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conserve the Bengbu Huagudeng.
花鼓灯·凤台花鼓灯
Huagudeng•Fengtai huagudeng
申报地区或单位：安徽省凤台县
Nominating unit[s]: Fengtai County, Anhui Province
凤台花鼓灯流行于淮河流域，主要分布在凤台及周边地区。
Fengtai huagudeng is popular in the Huaihe River Basin and mainly distributed in Fengtai and the surrounding area.
凤台花鼓灯的形成和发展有着良好的自然条件及人文环境。凤台古称州来，又名下蔡，位于淮河中游，交通发达，物产丰富，民风淳朴。凤台花鼓灯历史悠久，其发展历程可划分为四个阶段：一是从萌芽到成熟阶段。凤台花鼓灯起源于宋、元时期，至清代中叶已初具规模，趋于成熟，深受人民喜爱，成为流传甚广的民间艺术；二是清末民初阶段。花鼓灯在凤台基本形成自己的流派特色，为解放后进一步发展奠定了基础；三是新中国成立后的阶段，花鼓灯登上了高雅艺术的殿堂，被誉为汉民族舞蹈的典型代表；四是党的十一届三中全会以后阶段，花鼓灯艺术受到重视，重获新生。
Advantageous natural conditions and a strong humanities environment have existed for the formation and development of Fengtai Huagudeng. Fengtai, also called Zhoulai or Xiacai in ancient times, is located in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River and boasts convenient transportation, rich local products as well as honest and kind-hearted people. The long history of Fengtai Huagudeng has underwent four stages: (1) From germination to maturation. Fengtai Huagudeng originated during the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, and in the middle period of the Qing Dynasty, it had already developed to a certain scale and was popular among the people as a widespread folk art; (2) During the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China period, Huagudeng basically formed its features in Fengtai, which laid the foundation for further development after the foundation of the People’s Republic of China; (3) After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China. Huagudeng rose to the stage of classical art and was honored as a representative dance of the Han Nationality; (4) After the Third Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, the art of Huagudeng gained recognition and renascence.
凤台花鼓灯的产生是中国民间歌舞艺术史上重要的一页，是淮河文化在舞蹈方面的集中体现。凤台花鼓灯有四百多种语汇、五十多种基本步伐，讲究男女角色配合，着意感情描绘，动作细腻，扇花变化多样。花鼓灯舞蹈动作内涵丰富，其中典型动作“三掉弯”（三道弯）强调腰部的扭动，是东方舞蹈的重要特征“S”型在花鼓灯中的充分体现。
The emergence of Fengtai Huagudeng is an important page of the history of China’s folk song and dance art and the intensive embodiment of the Huaihe dance culture. Containing over 400 expressions and over 50 steps, Fengtai Huagudeng focuses on the cooperation of the male and female roles, emotional description, exquisite movements and diversified changes in fan moves. The dance postures of Huagudeng have rich meanings, wher, the typical movement of “Three Turns” emphasizes the twisting of the waist, which sufficiently embodies the “S” posture, an important feature of the oriental dance.

花鼓灯艺术是淮河流域一些艺术品种的根脉。淮剧、淮北花鼓戏、泗州戏、凤阳花鼓等都是由花鼓灯衍生而来的。凤台花鼓灯影响和丰富了淮河以北的民间舞蹈和民间艺术。目前原生态的凤台花鼓灯已濒临消亡，急需有效保护和全力抢救。
Huagudeng is the origin of many arts in the Huaihe River Basin. Huai Opera, Huaibei Huaguxi, Sizhou Opera and Fengyang Huagu, etc. are all derived from Huagudeng. Fengtai Huagudeng has influenced and enriched the folk dances and arts of the Huaibei area (north of the Huaihe River). And now the Fengtai Huagudeng is in danger of becoming extinct. Effective measures are urgently required for the conservation and salvation of this art.
花鼓灯·颍上花鼓灯
Huagudeng•Yingshang huagudeng
申报地区或单位：安徽省颍上县
Nominating unit[s]: Yingshang County, Anhui Province
颍上花鼓灯是由劳动人民创造且世代相传的艺术形式，产生于淮河流域广大农村，主要流行于淮河沿岸的颍上等二十多个县、市地区。
Yingshang huagudeng is an art which has been passed down by the working people from generation to generation; it originated in the countryside of the Huaihe River basin and is mainly distributed in over 20 counties and cities, including Yingshang, along the Huaihe River.
颍上花鼓灯的主要内容是表达人民期盼政通人和、国泰民安、风调雨顺、人寿年丰的良好愿望，展现淮河儿女的礼义风情、勤劳勇敢，表现青年男女纯真、朴实的爱情，体现人们对幸福生活的执著与向往。
Yingshang Huagudeng mainly express the local people’s expectations for wise governance, peace, safety, health and good harvest. It represents the rites, diligence, and courage of the people in the Huaihe River Basin, pure and true love of young people and the people’s pursuit of happiness.
颍上花鼓灯除在题材、形式、音乐、舞蹈等方面与淮南、蚌埠两地区的花鼓灯有相似之处外，亦有自身的特点。它舞蹈动感特强，节奏紧促有力，动作韵味十足，速度快捷敏锐，架势变换频繁，表演场面炽热欢腾，演员情绪欢快激昂，唱腔粗犷高亢，整个演出气氛堂皇富丽，地方特色浓郁。
Despite similar subjects, forms, melodies and dance movements with that in Huainan (south of the Huaihe River) and Bengbu, Yingshang Huagudeng has its own features. Its dance features dynamic, rhythmic and passionate rhythms, rapid and charming movements, frequent changes of postures, warm scenes, brisk and passionate emotions of performances, bold and loud arias, a splendid atmosphere and strong local characteristics.
颍上花鼓灯表演者由数名鼓橛子、腊花对偶组成，通常由领首的第一个鼓橛子（叫杈伞把）领舞出场，主要有大花场（跑大场）和小花场（跑小场）等段落。
Yingshang Huagudeng is mainly performed by several Gu Juezi and La Hua in couples, with the first Gu Juezi (the Cha Shaba) as the leading dancer, and consists of the Large Huachang (Large Court) and the Small Huachang (Small Court), etc.
颍上花鼓灯大多即兴演唱，多用锣鼓敲击（常用鼓、锣、镲、小锣等四件），锣鼓经无谱，常用凤凰三点头、长流水、小五番、十八番、大刹点、小刹点等，大多即兴变奏，随舞蹈变化而变化。音乐多采用民族五声音阶，常用宫和羽、徵混合调式。
Yingshang Huagudeng is usually an improvisational performance and is normally accompanied by percussion instruments (drums, gongs, small cymbals and small gongs). The percussion instruments are often played in an improvisational manner along with changes of the dance without scores, instead, they mainly adopt skills like The Phoenix Nods for Three Times, the Long Flowing Water, the Small Wufan, the Shibafan, the Big Shadian and the small Shadian, etc. The music mainly adopts a national five-tone scale, usually a mixed tune of Gong, Yu and Zhi.
颍上花鼓灯有《抢板凳》、《抢手绢》、《游春》等一批有人物有情节的传统舞蹈节目和一些有代表性的民间艺人。
Yingshang Huagudeng’s repertoires include Seizing the Bench, Seizing the Handkerchief and Sightseeing in Spring, etc. which has different plots and characters. There are also some representative folk artists .
颍上花鼓灯艺术热情、奔放、优美、细腻，充分体现了汉民族民间歌舞的特点。近年来多次应邀参加国际艺术交流活动，产生了广泛的影响。
Passionate, unconstrained, graceful and exquisite, Yingshang Huagudeng sufficiently embodies the features of folk dances of the Han nationality. It has participated in multiple international art exchange events and received great attention in recent years.
相关传承人：
Inheritor[s]:
冯国佩  郑九如  陈敬芝  王传先  邓虹  杨再先  张士根
Feng Guopei, Zheng Jiuru, Chen Jingzhi, Wang Chuanxian, Deng Hong, Yang Zaixian, Zhang Shigen