布达拉宫 Potala Palace

到西藏，如果不去布达拉宫那的确是件非常遗憾的事。

You’ll regret if you didn’t go to the Potala Palace when visiting Tibet.

这座举世闻名的宫堡式古建筑群坐落在海拔3600多米的西藏首府拉萨市的中心红山之巅。

The world-famous palace-castle-like architectural complex is at the center of Lasa, the capital of Tibet, on the top of Hongshan Mountain at an elevation of 3,600 meters.

“布达拉”音译自古印度梵文，意思是“佛教圣地”。

“Bu Tala” is the sound transliteration of ancient Indian Sanskrit, meaning “the holy land of Buddhism”.

在藏族人民心中是一个神圣庄严的地方。

It is a sacred and solemn place in Tibetans’ eyes.

布达拉宫东西长360米，南北宽270米，占地面积13万多平方米。

The Potala Palace is 360 meters long from the east to the west, 270 meters wide from the south to the north, with an area of 130,000 square meters.

从外边看有13层，实际上里面是9层，高117米。

It seems to have 13 floors seen from the outside, but in fact it has 9 floors inside, 117 meters high.

是世界上海拔最高集宫殿、城堡和寺庙于一体的宏伟建筑。

It has the highest elevation with palaces, castles and temples integrated into a magnificent building.

公元641年，藏族吐蕃王松赞干布好善。

641 AD, Sontzen Gampo, Tu Bo King of Zang nationality was beneficent.

他迎娶了唐朝信佛的文成公主。

He married Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty who believed in Buddhism.

为公主在红山上建造了一座新的宫殿。

He built a new palace on Hongshan Mountain for Princess Wencheng.

这就是“布达拉宫”。

This is the “Potala Palace”.

经过公元1645年-1693年的重建，达赖十三世时期的扩建，形成了我们今天看到的这个规模。

It formed the scale we see today after the reconstruction between 1645-1693 and the extension by Dalai XⅢ.

整个建筑群分三个部分：中间是红色的“红宫”，它是由佛堂、经堂、达赖的灵塔殿和享殿组成。

The whole architectural complex includes three parts: the “Red Temple” in the middle is composed of Buddhism Hall, Sutra Hall, Dalai’s Stupa Hall and Xiang Hall.

西有寂圆满大殿，是五世达赖喇嘛灵塔殿的享堂，也是布达拉宫最大的殿堂，面积725平方米，内壁绘满壁画。

The western Ji Yuanman Grand Hall is Xiang Hall of Stupa Hall of Dalai Lama Ⅴ and is also the biggest hall in Potala Palace with the area of 725 square meters and there are frescoes on the inner walls.

红宫东边是“白宫”。

The “White Temple” is on the east of Red Temple.

它是白色的，白宫是达赖办公、居住的地方。

It is white and is the place wher Dalai Lamas work and reside.

布达拉宫白宫最大的殿堂是东有寂圆满大殿，面积717平方米。

The biggest hall of White Temple in Potala Palace is the eastern Ji Yuanman Grand Hall with the area of 717 square meters.

这里是达赖喇嘛坐床、亲政大典等重大宗教和政治活动的场所。

This is the place of important religious and political activities wher Dalai Lama enthrones and attends grand ceremonies.

西边虽然也是白色的，但那里是僧人居住的地方。

Though it is also white on the west, it is wher Buddhist monks live.

布达拉宫的墙很厚，有2-5米厚。

The walls of Potala Palace are very thick, 2-5 meters thick.

整座布达拉宫有1000多间房子和殿堂，是用石头和木头修成的。

There are over 1,000 rooms and halls in total in the Potala Palace, made of stones and wood.

建筑从山下直到山顶几乎占了整座山峰。

The building extends from the mountain foot to the mountain top and almost covers the whole peak.

藏式的平面殿顶上有五个高高的金顶。

There are five high golden roofs on the top of Tibetan geometric plane of the palace halls.

在阳光下显得金光闪闪，人们从几十公里以外就能看到它。

They spangle under the sun and people can see it dozens of kilometers away.

布达拉宫收藏和保存了极为丰富的历史文物，其中有2500余平方米的壁画，上万幅唐卡（卷轴画）。

The Potala Palace collects and keeps very rich historical relics among which there are frescoes of an area of 2,500 square meters and over 10,000 Tang Ka (scroll paintings).

这些壁画表现的正是松赞干布派他的大臣禄东赞去长安向唐朝求婚的那段历史。

What the frescoes show is the period of history in which Sontzen Gampo assigned his chancellor Lu Dongzan to go to Chang-an to propose marriage to the Tang Dynasty.

布达拉宫有近千座佛塔，上万座塑像。

There are also nearly 1,000 Buddhist pagodas and over 10,000 statues in the Potala Palace.

这座五世达赖的灵塔高达14.85米，共花费了52吨白银、5.5吨黄金和15000多颗珍珠、玛瑙和宝石。

This stupa of Dalai Ⅴ is 14.85 meters high and it cost 52 tons of silver, 5.5 tons of gold and 15,000 pearls, agates and gems in total.

宫内还收藏了大量贝叶经、甘珠尔经等珍贵经文典集以及表明历史上西藏地方政府与中央政府关系的明清两代皇帝封赐达赖喇嘛的金册、玉册、金印以及金银器、玉器、瓷器、珐琅和锦缎品等工艺品。

The Potala Palace collects a large number of Beiye sutra, GanZhuer sutra and other precious Buddhist classics and records, as well as gold volumes, jade volumes, gold seal, gold and silver wares, jade articles, porcelain wares, enamels, brocades and handicraft articles bestowed to Dalai Lama by the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to show the relationship of Tibetan local government and the central government.

布达拉宫1961年由中国国务院颁布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

The Potala Palace was announced by the Chinese State Department as the first lot of important nation-level preservation units of cultural relics in 1961.

1994年被联合国教科文组织作为文化遗产，正式列入《世界遗产名录》。

It was formally listed in the “World Heritage Directory” by UNESCO in 1994.

它是全人类的宝贵遗产和财富。

It is the valuable heritage and wealth of the whole mankind.

西藏

Tibet

布达拉宫

Potala Palace