Tibetan Carpet Making Skills 加牙藏族织毯技艺

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：传统手工技艺
Category: Traditional Handicraft Skills
地区：青海
Region: Qinghai Province
编号：Ⅷ-22
Ref. No.: VIII-22
申报地区或单位：青海省湟中县
Nominating unit[s]: Huangzhong county, Qinghai Province
藏毯是青海藏族的传统手工织造品。经过三千多年的传承，青海逐步形成了具有地方特色的藏毯织造行业。由于历史和地理环境的原因，安多藏区和康巴藏区在藏毯的编织技艺、图案设计上存在着差异。康巴藏区（玉树地区）较多地保留了传统藏毯的编织技艺，而安多藏区则在图案设计上将藏汉文化融为一体，构思巧妙，色调和谐，风格独特。
Tibetan carpets belong to traditional hand weaving products of Tibetans in Qinghai Province. After more than three thousand years of inheritance, Qinghai Province has gradually developed a Tibetan carpet making industry with distinctive local characteristics. Due to historical and geographic reasons, there exist differences in weaving skills and pattern designs of carpets between the Anduo Tibetan Region and the Kangba Tibetan Region. In the Kangba Tibetan Region, the traditional Tibetan carpet weaving skills are retained to a larger extent, while in the Anduo Tibetan Region, the Tibetan culture is ingeniously and harmoniously merged with the Han culture in the design of patterns, leading to unique characteristics.
加牙藏毯属于安多藏毯，其主要产地分布在距西宁市26公里的湟中县加牙村及上新庄，还有藏族居住区玉树、海南、海北、果洛藏族自治州及西宁周边的贵德、平安、乐都、湟源等县。
Jiaya Tibetan carpets are one kind of Anduo Tibetan carpets, and they are mainly produced in Jiaya Village and Shangxinzhuang of Huangzhong County, 26 kilometers away from the Xining City, and in Tibetan-inhibited areas like Yushu, Hainan, Haibei, and Golog Tibetan autonomous prefectures as well as in surrounding counties of Xining City like Guide County, Ping'an County, Ledu County, Huangyuan County, etc.
藏系绵羊毛是世界上公认的织毯优质原材料，青藏地区的牦牛不仅在数量上占到世界牦牛的三分之二，而且绒毛厚，光洁度好。加牙藏毯的原材料来自天然放养的藏系绵羊毛、山羊绒、牦牛绒和驼绒等，通过低温染纱、低温洗毯等工艺流程，成品具有色泽艳丽、弹性好和不脱色掉毛的优良品质。加牙藏毯品种繁多，有14个系列、七十多个品种，采用连环编结法，毯面较厚，约在15毫米以上，同时保留着传统藏毯边缘不缠线的特点。
Tibetan sheep wool is recognized around the world as a high quality raw material. With respect to the yaks in the Qinghai-Tibet region, on one hand, they account for 2/3 of the yaks of the whole world; on the other hand, their wool is thick, smooth, and clean. Jiaya Tibetan carpets are made from Tibetan sheep wool, cashmere, yakwool, and camels' hair, and the sheep, goats, yaks, and camels are naturally raised. Through such processes as "low temperature yarn dyeing" and "low temperature carpet washing", the finished carpets have bright and beautiful colors, good flexibility, and strong resistance against color-fading and wool-fiber-shedding. There is a wide range of Jiaya Tibetan carpets, including fourteen series and seventy odd varieties in total. Through the method of chain weaving, each Tibetan carpet has a thickness above 15 millimeters or so and keeps the traditional characteristic of having no any thread intertwining at the edge of the carpet.
藏毯技艺的传承区域处于藏传佛教的发祥地，这一民间手工艺与佛教文化结下了不解之缘。加牙藏毯从天然原材料的选取到织造工艺的实施都十分讲究，这使它具有天然环保的品质，适应了人们健康生活的需要，因而备受喜爱。即此而言，加牙藏毯具有极高的艺术价值、历史文化价值、实用价值和商业价值。
The area wher the Tibetan carpet making skills are passed on from generation to generation is also the birthplace of the Tibetan Buddhism. In this sense, this folk handicraft has developed an unexplainable link with the Buddhist culture. From the selection of natural raw materials to the implementation of weaving skills, craftsmen pay attention to nearly every detail in the process of making Jiaya Tibetan carpets. This ensures that the carpets are environment friendly and can meet people's needs for leading a healthy life and justifies their popularity. In sum, Jiaya Tibetan carpets possess extremely high artistic values, historical and cultural values, as well as practical and commercial values.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
杨永良
Yang Yongliang