Haizhou Wuda-gongdiao Music 海州五大宫调

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：江苏
Region: Jiangsu province
编号：Ⅱ-41
Ref. No.: Ⅱ-41
申报地区或单位：江苏省连云港市
Nominating unit [s]: Lianyungang city, Jiangsu province
海州是江苏省连云港市的古称。海州五大宫调是指流布在连云港市及周边地区的以【软平】、【叠落】、【鹂调】、【南调】、【波扬】等为基本腔调的一种用曲牌连缀体来演唱的艺术形式。
Haizhou is the ancient name of Lianyungang city, Jiangsu province. The Haizhou wuda-gongdiao music, popular in Lianyungang city and neighboring areas, is an art form that joins Qupai (a kind of tune) to perform, taking Ruanping, Dieluo, Lidiao, Nandiao, Boyang as basic tones.
海州民众演唱小曲的习俗由来已久。明代嘉靖、隆庆以后，海州五大宫调逐步形成并走向成熟，随盐业河运广为流传。由于地处苏、鲁接壤处，海州成为江淮方言和北方方言的交汇地带，历史上南北方的小曲杂调均在此流传生根，呈现出既融会贯通又诸调杂陈的特色。因交通闭塞等历史原因，这里的民间曲调很少受其他艺术形式的影响，各类曲牌得以世代相传并完整保存。
Haizhou people have long maintained the custom of singing local ditties. After the period of Emperor Jiajing and Emperor Longqing in the Ming dynasty, the Haizhou wuda-gongdiao music came into being and gradually became mature, widely spreading with the development of the salt industry and river transportation. Being located in the jointing area between Jiangsu province and Shandong province and the confluence place of Yangtze-Huai dialects and northern dialect, Haizhou is the birth place of ditties of various tunes from both the south and the north. These songs feature of both integrity and complexity. As a result of historic reasons like isolated transportation, folk music here is rarely influenced by other art forms, therefore various forms of Qupai have managed to stay intact and have been handed down from generation to generation.
海州五大宫调历史悠久，积蕴颇厚。一些明代的小曲如【寄生草】、【山坡羊】、【打枣竿】等虽几经传衍但仍保存完整；在江浙地区几近失传的乐曲如【马头调】等也可在这里找到传人，其唱词竟与《白雪遗音》中的记载基本相同；一些演唱难度很高的集曲至今仍有人在传唱。1980年后，由于社会环境发生变化，五大宫调等乐曲已渐呈濒危状态。海州五大宫调是我国明清俗曲的一份珍贵遗产，它的发掘保护将对明清小调研究产生积极的推进作用。
Haizhou wuda-gongdiao music boasts a long history and lasting appeal. Some ditties of Ming dynasty like Jishengcao (parasites on other plants), Shanpoyang (sheep on the hillside) and Dazaogan (pole for beating down the dates) are still heard even today; Matoudiao (horse head tune) which has almost been lost in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces can still be found here in Haizhou, and the lines of it are basically the same as the ones in the record in Baixue Yiyin (Snowy Tunes); some set pieces of music that are difficult to sing are still sung by the Haizhou people. After 1980, Haizhou wuda-gongdiao music was on the edge of disappearing because of the changes in social environment. It is valuable heritage of folk songs that were first sung in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and its exploration and protection are of great importance to studies of Ming and Qing ditties due to the historical features of the music.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
赵绍康 刘长兰
Zhao Shaokang Liu Changlan