Shengzhou Chuida (Wind and Percussion) 嵊州吹打

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：浙江
Region: Zhejiang Province
编号：Ⅱ-42
Ref. No.: II-42
申报地区或单位：浙江省嵊州市
Nominating unit[s]: Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province
嵊州吹打起源于民间的庙会活动。据记载，早在春秋战国时期，嵊州就有"村民社赛"、庙会祭祀活动。千百年来世代相传，到明代中叶，境内村村有庙有祠堂，庙堂之中又有戏台。
Shengzhou Chuida (wind and percussion) originated from the folk temple fair culture. According to records, there were Villager Community Contests and sacrificial offering activities at temple fairs as early as in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It was passed down from generation to generation over centuries. By the middle Ming Dynasty, stages for performance could be found in temples and ancestral shrines which were available in all villages.
1949年至20世纪80年代，嵊州民间音乐逐渐形成东西乡两大派系，西乡一派以长乐镇农民乐队为代表，在传承中逐渐形成锣鼓与吹奏相结合的演奏方式，其中"尖号"的吹奏方法，将吹气演奏改为吸气演奏，使得号声更加高亢激越，穿透力、传递力更强。这种吸气演奏法在全国民乐吹奏乐器的演奏中是极为独特的。其乐队编制的特点是"五锣、三鼓、三大锣"配套组合，吹奏乐器包括唢呐、长号等，另外还有丝弦乐器。主要传统乐曲有《辕门》、《绣球》、《妒花》、《十番》、《节诗》、《将军令》等。东乡一派以黄泽农民乐队为代表，偏重于丝弦乐演奏，风格倾向于纤柔细腻，曲目多为民歌小调及一些传统的民间丝竹乐曲。
From 1949 to the 1980s, Shengzhou folk music had gradually developed into the eastern school and western school. The western school, represented by the villager orchestra of Changle Town, formed the playing way combining gong and drum with wind performances during the course of inheritance. The performing technique of "Jianhao", one of the wind performances, transferred exhaling performance into inhaling performance, making the trumpet more resounding, vehement, penetrating and attractive, which was quite unique among performing techniques of folk wind instruments in China. The composition of the orchestra is featured by a complete set of "five gongs, three drums and three large gongs", as well as the wind instruments such as suona (a woodwind instrument) and trombone, and some stringed and woodwind instruments. Major traditional musical works are Outer Gate of Government Official (or Yuan Men), A Ball Made of Strips of Silk (or Xiu Qiu), Jealous of Flowers (or Du Hua), Shi Fan, Jie Shi, The Order of the General (or Jiang Jun Ling) and so on. The eastern school, represented by the villager orchestra of Huangze Town, laid particular emphasis on playing the silk-string instruments, the musical style of which was inclined to be soft and exquisite. Its major musical works are popular tunes of folk music and some traditional folk stringed and woodwind instrument music.
嵊州民间音乐是越剧音乐的基础，也是越剧的重要组成部分，它对越剧唱腔及伴奏音乐的发展也产生了一定的影响。嵊州吹打也是"浙东锣鼓"的主要组成部分之一，对于浙东民间音乐的产生发展及浙东民俗风情的研究具有重要的参考价值。
Shengzhou folk music is not only fundamental to the musical part of Shaoxing opera but also a vital component of Shaoxing opera. Additionally, it has had certain influence on the development of vocal and instrumental music in Shaoxing opera. Shengzhou Chuida also constitutes a significant part of "Zhedong Luogu" (music by gong and drum prevailing in East Zhejiang), and it is significantly and referentially valuable to the study of the emergence and evolvement of East Zhejiang folk music as well as of local customs in east Zhejiang Province.
相关传承人：
Inheritor:
尹功祥
Yin Gongxiang