Nanxi Haozi (‘Labour Songs’) 南溪号子

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：重庆
Region: Chongqing municipality
编号：Ⅱ-25
Ref. No.: II-25
申报地区或单位：重庆市黔江区
Nominating unit[s]: Qianjiang District, Chongqing Municipality
南溪号子流行于重庆市黔江区，它的雏形是土家族农民在劳动中解乏鼓劲的劳动号子和山歌号子，与薅草锣鼓近似。在长时期的传唱过程中，南溪号子逐步发展成为一种自成一格的特殊山歌品种，它既不同于周边的川江号子、纤夫号子，也有别于广泛传唱在武陵山区的其他劳动号子和山歌号子。
Nanxi haozi, akin to haocao luogu, is popular in Qianjiang district of Chongqing Municipality, and was originated from labor songs and folk songs sung by Tujia ethnic farmers for pleasure and cheering up when they were working. Over time Nanxi haozi gradually developed into a special folk song style. It has distinguished itself either from Chuanjiang haozi or boat tacker's chant (or Qianfu haozi), or from other labour songs or folk songs popular in Wuling mountain areas.
南溪号子歌词多为即兴创作，但其腔调和唱法却比较固定。唱腔主要有大板腔、九道拐、三台声、打闹台、南河号、喇叭号等十余种。其基本唱法为一人领喊，二人或三人扮尖声（即喊高音），三人或更多的人喊低音，众人帮腔，从而形成高中低声部互相应和、在山野间悠扬激荡的天籁之声。
Most lyrics of Nanxi haozi are improvised, but its melody and singing style are relatively fixed. It can be sung in more than 10 forms including Dabanqiang (a kind of vocal music with symmetrical two lines of verse), Jiudaoguai, Santaisheng, Danaotai (playing the gong, drum and suona before the show begins), Nanhehao, and Labahao. The basic singing style of Nanxi haozi is that one singer leads the chant, two or three singers screech (i.e. utter a high-pitched cry), three or more singers utter a low-pitched sound and other singers accompany the leading singer. Hence, melodious and grand heavenly sound reverberates in the hills, high-, medium- and low-voice parts echoing with each others.
南溪号子的内容涉及土家族历史、地理、民间传说，传达出许多古老的历史文化信息。它是土家族音乐文化的遗存，具有较高的艺术价值，同时又能丰富人民群众的文化生活，服务于当代社会的精神文明建设。
Nanxi haozi recounts history, geography and folklores of Tujia people, providing a wealth of information on ancient history and culture. It is the musical and cultural legacy of Tujia people, with a relatively high artistic value. In the meantime, they can enrich people's cultural life, contributing to spiritual civilization construction of the contemporary society.
现在整个黔江区能唱南溪号子的不到十人，且都年事已高，中青年中没有一人能喊唱号子。这一民间音乐样式濒危状况严重，急需进行抢救和保护。
There are less than 10 people in the entire Qianjiang region who can sing Nanxi haozi, and they are all at their advanced age. No middle-aged or young people is however proficient in it. This music type is in danger of dying out and needs to be protected and preserved without delay.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
杨正泽
Yang Zhengze