Shanbei Shuoshu (Recitative Prevalent in North Shaanxi Province) 陕北说书

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Recitative, story-telling
地区：陕西
Region: Shaanxi Province
编号：Ⅴ-14
Ref. No.: V-14
申报地区或单位：陕西省延安市
Nominating unit[s]: Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province
陕北说书是西北地区十分重要的曲艺说书形式，主要流行于陕西省北部的延安和榆林等地。最初是由穷苦盲人运用陕北的民歌小调演唱一些传说故事，后来吸收眉户、秦腔及道情和信天游的曲调，逐步形成为说唱表演长篇故事的说书形式。
Shanbei Shuoshu is a very important folk art performed in the form of storytelling in Northwest China. It is prevalent mainly in Yan'an and Yulin etc in north Shaanxi Province. Shanbei Shuoshu was first performed by underprivileged blind people telling some legends and stories by singing to the tune of northern Shaanxi folk music. It was later mixed with the tunes of "Meihu", "Qinqiang", "Daoqing"and "Xintianyou" and gradually developed into a story-telling form of narrating, singing and performing long stories.
陕北说书的传统表演形式是艺人采用陕北方音，手持三弦或琵琶自弹自唱、说唱相间地叙述故事。根据伴奏乐器的不同，或称之为"三弦书"，或称之为"琵琶书"。到20世纪三四十年代，陕北说书在著名艺人韩起祥等的改造下，发展成一人同时操用大三弦（或琵琶）、梆子、耍板、名叫"麻喳喳"的击节木片和小锣（或钹）五种乐器进行伴奏的曲艺说书形式。
The traditional performance form of Shanbei Shuoshu is as follows: the artist plays a three-stringed lyre or pipa, singing and narrating stories in Shanbei (northern Shaanxi) dialect. Depending on different accompanying musical instruments, Shanbei Shuoshu could either be called "Sanxianshu" or "Pipashu". In 1930s and 1940s, Shanbei Shuoshu was modified by well-known artists such as Han Qixiang and developed into a story-telling folk art that was accompanied by the synchronous playing of five musical instruments including a large three-stringed lyre (or pipa), a clapper, a play board, a beat-time wood chip called "Ma Cha Cha" and a small gong (or cymbal) by a single person.
陕北说书的唱词通俗流畅，有浓郁的地方特色；曲调比较丰富，风格激扬粗犷，素有"九腔十八调"之称，其中常用的有【单音调】、【双音调】、【西凉调】、【山东腔】、【平调】、【哭调】、【对对调】、【武调】等。
Shanbei Shuoshu is popular and fluent in lyrics, strong in local characteristics, diverse in melodies, and arousing and rough in styles. It is often called "Nine Tunes and Eighteen Tones", wher the commonly used ones include [single tone], [dual tone], [Xiliang tone], [Shandong tune], [level tone], [crying tone], [tone to tone], [Wu tone] etc.
陕北说书的传统节目很多，其中代表性的长篇有《花柳记》、《摇钱记》、《观灯记》、《雕翎扇》等，短段有《张七姐下凡》等。从20世纪40年代起，陕甘宁边区文协成立了说书组，由新文艺工作者林山等帮助韩起祥和其他艺人陆续编演了一些配合革命斗争的新书目，如《刘巧团圆》、《王丕勤走南路》、《宜川大胜利》、《翻身记》、《我给毛主席说书》等。韩起祥和刘绪旺、党福祥、王进考等是富有影响的陕北说书名艺人。近些年来，陕北说书的发展陷入困境，老艺人们逐渐离世，艺术传承后继乏人，急需扶持和保护。
Shanbei Shuoshu comprises many traditional performance items, represented by long-length shows like Hua Liu Ji, Yao Qian Ji, Guan Deng Ji, Diao Ling Shan as well as by short-length shows like Seventh Sister Zhang Descending to the World. The Cultural Association of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region set up a Shuoshu group in 1940s. New literary and art workers (such as Lin Shan) assisted Han Qixiang and other artists in preparing some new programs such as Liu Qiao Reunio, Wang Piqin Going Down to South, Big Victory in Yichuan, Fan Shen Ji, Let Me Tell a Story to Chairman Mao, etc. so as to support revolutionary struggle at that time. Han Qixiang, Liu Xuwang, Dang Fuxiang, Wang Jinkao etc. are the influential well-known Shuoshu artists in North Shaanxi. In recent years, as old artists passed away one after another, the development of Shanbei Shuoshu has been in predicament. There is a lack of qualified successors for passing on this art, and hence immediate support and protection measures are required so as to prevent it from being lost.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
韩应莲 解明生
Han Yinglian and Xie Mingsheng