Xianxiao (Liangzhou Xianxiao, Hezhou Xianxiao) 贤孝（凉州贤孝、河州贤孝）

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Recitative, story-telling
地区：甘肃
Region: Gansu Province
编号：Ⅴ-19
Ref. No.: V-19
贤孝·凉州贤孝
Xianxiao - Liangzhou Xianxiao
申报地区或单位：甘肃省武威市
Nominating unit[s]: Wuwei City, Gansu Province
凉州贤孝又称"凉州劝善书"，是流布于甘肃省武威市凉州区城乡及毗邻的古浪、民勤和金昌市永昌县部分地区的一种古老而悠久的民间曲艺说书形式。据相关史料，它形成的历史至少可追溯到元末明初。
Liangzhou Xianxiao is also known as "Liangzhou Quanshanshu" (recitative for encouraging kindness prevalent in Liangzhou). It is an ancient and honored folk art performed in the form of recitative and is quite popular in urban and rural areas of Liangzhou and its neighboring areas like Gulang, Minqin, and part of Yongchang County, Jinchang, Gansu Province. According to relevant historical records, the creation of Liangzhou Xianxiao can date back at least to the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.
历史上凉州贤孝的演唱者多为盲人，师徒相承，口传心授。其内容主要以表演英雄贤士、烈妇淑女、孝子贤孙、帝王将相和才子佳人的故事为主，寓隐恶扬善、喻时劝世、因果报应、为贤尽孝等宗旨于其中，故名"贤孝"。
In Chinese history, most performers of Liangzhou Xianxiao were blind people, wher the masters passed on this art to their followers by oral teaching and the followers had to figure it out by themselves. The contents are mainly based on the stories characterizing heroes and wise men, heroines and gentlewomen, filial sons and worthy progeny, kings and princes, gifted scholars and beautiful ladies etc, in which the principles of hiding one's wrongdoing and praising his/her good deeds, implicating the time and advising the world, preaching punitive justice, being virtuous and filial etc are implied. This is the reason why it is called Xianxiao in Chinese.
凉州贤孝的表演形式为一人自行伴奏说唱，即说白、诵唱和伴奏一般都由一人完成。唱词语言以凉州方言为主，通俗易懂，幽默风趣。表演中，艺人们边与听众交流，边有即兴发挥，往往妙语连珠。
Liangzhou Xianxiao is generally performed by a single person who tells a story by singing while playing musical instrument(s) on his/her own (i.e. the spoken parts, reciting parts and accompanying parts usually have to be done by one person). The lyrics are chiefly based on Liangzhou dialect which is popular and easy to understand and usually contains witty and humorous words. When performing this art, the artists always have extemporaneous play while communicating with the audience, in which quips could often be heard.
凉州贤孝的音乐唱腔十分丰富，并保留着许多古老的曲牌，既有"凉州杂调"，又吸收了地方民歌的曲调，融汇化用，自成一格。
The vocal music of Liangzhou Xianxiao is quite diversified and has reserved many old tune names, including "mixed tunes of Liangzhou" as well as tunes of local folk songs. By combining these tunes, it has therefore formed a unique style of Liangzhou Xianxiao.
随着社会的发展，一个时期以来，凉州贤孝的听众基础正在逐渐失去，演出也没有了固定的场所，加之艺人队伍青黄不接，生存面临考验，这个古老曲艺形式的发展举步维艰，急需扶持保护。
As the society advances, the past recent years have witnessed a decreasing number of audiences, the lack of fixed places for performing Liangzhou Xianxiao and temporary shortage of artists, and all these have put this art to the test of survival. As the development of this ancient folk art form has encountered difficulties and challenges, immediate supporting and protecting measures are required as so to prevent this art from being lost.
贤孝·河州贤孝
Xianxiao - Hezhou Xianxiao
申报地区或单位：甘肃省临夏市
Nominating unit[s]: Linxia City, Gansu Province
河州贤孝又称"河州唱书"、"贤孝弹唱"、"河州三弦善书"、"临夏贤孝"、"河州调"等，是流传在甘肃临夏地区的一种传统曲艺形式。它形成于明末清初，因表演内容多宣扬劝善惩恶、忠臣良将、妻贤子孝的内容而得名。
Hezhou Xianxiao is also known as "Hezhou Changshu", "Xianxiao Playing and Singing", "Hezhou Three-string Shanshu", "Linxia Xianxiao", "Hezhou Tune" etc, and it is a traditional folk art form popular in the Linxia area of Gansu Province. It was formed in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. It is called "Hezhou Xianxiao" for most of its contents advocating the following: advising people to be good and punish the vicious, be loyal officials and good generals, and be virtuous wives and filial sons etc.
河州贤孝的传统表演形式为一人（过去主要是盲人）手持三弦，自弹说唱。其节目数量颇多，多为艺人们据书编就，世代流传。为了便于区别，艺人们把表现国家兴亡、忠臣良将的节目叫"国书"，《伍子胥过江》、《三国演义》、《薛仁贵征东》、《杨家将》、《包公案》等即属此类；反映日常生活中孝顺父母、男女情爱的节目叫"家书"；此外还有《王祥卧冰》、《郭巨埋儿》、《孟宗哭竹》等以"二十四孝"故事为内容的节目和《白猿盗桃》、《花厅相会》、《小丁丁》等节目。
The traditional performance form of Hezhou Xianxiao is as follows: the performer (used to be a blind person) has to hold a three-stringed lute and play and sing by him/herself alone. There is a large number of Hezhou Xianxiao shows, in which most of them were compiled by the artists based on books and have been passed down from generation to generation. In order to make it easy to distinguish between the shows, the shows manifesting national rise and fall or loyal officials and good generals were named as "Guo Shu" by the artists (Wu Zixu Crossing the River, Romance of Three Kingdoms, Expedition to the East, Generals of the Yang Family, Legal Case of Bao Gong etc belong to this case) while the shows reflecting such things as respecting parents in daily life or romance between men and women were named as "Jia Shu" by the artists. In addition, the shows that are based on the stories of "Twenty-four Filial Sons" include Wang Xiang Laying on the Ice, Guo Ju Burying His Son, Meng Zhong Crying for Bamboo Shoots etc and other shows include White Apes Stealing Peaches, Meeting at Flower Hall, Little Dingding, etc.
河州贤孝历史悠久，形式古朴。但由于目前赖以生存和发展的社会环境发生了变化，它在广大城乡的展示平台逐渐消失，急需加以保护。
Hezhou Xianxiao has a long history and has maintained primitive and simple in form. However, as the social environment in which people live and develop has changed, most show platforms of Hezhou Xianxiao have gradually been disappearing and hence immediate protective measures are required so as to prevent this art from being lost.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
冯兰芳
Feng Lanfang