Xiangshanbang Traditional Architectural and Building Skills 香山帮传统建筑营造技艺

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：传统手工技艺
Category: Traditional Handicraft Skills
地区：江苏
Region: Jiangsu Province
编号：Ⅷ—27
Ref. No.: VIII-27
申报地区或单位：江苏省苏州市
Nominating unit[s]: Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province
苏州的香山位于太湖之滨，有两千五百多年的历史，是吴文化的发祥地之一。香山帮是一个以苏州市吴中区胥口镇为地理中心，以木匠领衔，集泥水匠、漆匠、堆灰匠、雕塑匠、叠山匠、彩绘匠等古典建筑工种于一体的建筑工匠群体。
Located on the shore of Taihu Lake for over two thousand and five hundred years, Xiangshan in Suzhou is one of the birthplaces of Wu Culture. With its geographic center in Xukou Town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Xiangshanbang is a group of artisans headed by carpenters and involves many classical building craftsmen such as masons, lacquerers, clay sculpture craftsmen, sculptors, rockery designers and color painting craftsmen.
香山帮是吴文化的产物，历史上曾涌现过不少大师，如塑圣杨惠之、蒯祥和姚承祖等。蒯祥主持明皇宫三大殿、天安门和王府六部衙署的营造，发明创造了“金刚腿”，被宪宗皇帝誉为“蒯鲁班”。姚承祖的传世之作有现存怡园的藕香榭、灵岩山寺的大雄宝殿、香雪海的梅花亭，他最大的成就是撰成《营造法原》，这部记述香山帮传统技法的专著被国人誉为“中国苏派建筑的宝典”。
Xiangshanbang is the outcome of Wu Culture. Historically there were a large number of masters such as Yang Huizhi, master sculptor, Kuai Xiang, Yao Chengzu, etc. Kuai Xiang was in charge of the construction of the three major halls of the imperial palace, Tian’anmen and offices of six ministries of Ming Dynasty and invented “jingangtui” (a kind of strong support structure) and was thus praised by Emperor Xian Zong of Ming Dynasty as a master as good as Lu Ban who was regarded as the patron Saint of Chinese builders and contractors. The works of Yao Chengzu that have been handed down to the present days include Ouxiang Pavilion of Yiyuan Garden, the Mahavira Hall of Lingyanshan Temple and Meihua (Plum Blossom) Pavilion of Xiangxuehai. His greatest achievement is Ying Zao Fa Yuan (Principles for Traditional Architectures and Buildings), which is a monograph about Xiangshanbang traditional architectural and building skills and is regarded as “magnum opus of Su style of Chinese architecture”.
香山帮是一个传承千年的建筑流派，到明清时期达于鼎盛。北京故宫、天安门和苏州园林等举世闻名、精美绝伦的建筑均是以蒯祥、姚承祖等为杰出代表的苏州香山帮匠人所造，香山帮凭借这些建筑作品在中华建筑史上留下了光辉的篇章。香山帮建筑的特点是色调和谐、结构紧凑、制造精细、布局机巧。20世纪以降，由于西方建筑文化的渗透，香山帮逐渐衰落，近几年来虽恢复了一些生机，但仍未摆脱濒危的困境，匠人收入低、劳作苦，传统营造技艺后继乏人，亟待采取措施予以保护，才能确保其传承有序。
As an architecture school lasting for 1000 years, Xiangshanbang reached its zenith in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The world famous imperial palace and Tian’anmen in Beijing and Suzhou gardens and other exquisite architectures are the masterpieces of Suzhou Xiangshanbang craftsmen with Kuai Xiang, Yao Chengzu as outstanding representatives. Xiangshanbang left the most brilliant chapter in the history of Chinese architecture with these architectural works. Xiangshanbang architectures and buildings are characterized by harmonious tone, compact structure, exquisite construction and ingenious arrangement. From the 20th century, with the penetration of western architectural culture, Xiangshanbang was on the wane gradually. Although it has revived in recent years, Xiangshanbang has not yet got rid of the predicament, as the low incomes of craftsmen and laborious work lead to few inheritors. Therefore, protective measures shall be taken to ensure systematic inheritance.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
薛福鑫
陆耀祖
Xue Fuxin and Lu Yaozu