Bantou-qu 板头曲

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：河南
Region: Henan province
编号：Ⅱ-46
Ref. No.: Ⅱ-46
申报地区或单位：河南省南阳市
Nominating unit [s]: Nanyang city, Henan province
板头曲为中州古曲，用筝、琵琶、三弦等乐器演奏，是中华民族音乐遗产中的经典。因主要在河南曲子正式演唱之前，用独奏、合奏等形式演奏的前奏乐曲，故亦称"板头曲"或"河南曲子板头曲"。
Bantou-qu, which is a classic of Chinese national heritage, is the ancient music of Henan province, which is played with zither, harp, Sanxian (three-string) and so on. As the predecessor, played solo or ensemble, etc., of Henan Qu Opera, it is also called Bantou-qu or Henan Qu Opera's Bantou-qu.
板头曲分布较广，南阳、泌阳、邓县、许昌、开封皆可见其踪迹，但传播中心在南阳市。据载，明崇祯年间，板头曲随河南曲子见诸市井。清初，逐渐盛行于上述各地。其乐队不备锣鼓笙管，而以弹拨乐器为主，另加胡琴、四胡等拉弦乐器，由此成为我国民间乐队中难得一见的弦索乐组合。其乐曲多半源于古老器乐曲牌《八板》及其各种变体，同时广泛吸收河南曲子曲牌、唱腔及民间小调。代表性曲目有《天下大同》、《高山流水》、《新开板》、《陈杏元和番》、《打雁》、《赏秋》、《闺中怨》、《上楼》、《下楼》等。曲体大部分为六十八板体，结构严谨而又灵活多变。
Bantou-qu is found over a large area. With Nanyang city as its point of origin, it can also be found in Miyang, Dengxian, Xuchang and Kaifeng. It is recorded that during the Chongzhen period of Ming dynasty, Bantou-qu, together with Henan Qu Opera emerged in local marketplaces and became popular in the early days of the Qing dynasty in the above-mentioned places. Instead of playing drums, gongs, and reed-pipe wind instruments, it relies on plucked musical instruments and stringed musical instruments like Huqin (Chinese violin) and Sihu (four-stringed instrument), thus being a perfect combination of plucked music and stringed music that is rarely seen in folk music bands. Most of its musical pieces are from the tunes of ancient musical instruments "Baban" and its variants, and at the same time widely borrow from the tunes and tones of Henan Qu Opera and folk ballads. Its representative pieces are Tianxia Datong (World Harmony), Gaoshan Liushui (High Mountain and Running Water), Xin Kaiban (New Prelude), Chen Xinyuan Hefan (Chen Xingyuan's Marrying to Turki King for Peace), Da Yan (Goose Hunting), Shang Qiu (Autumn), Guizhong Yuan (Boudoir Repining), Shang Lou (Going Upstairs), Xia Lou (Going Downstairs) and so on.
1949年后，板头曲得以复苏并受到广泛重视。1953年，著名古筝演奏家、板头曲传人曹东扶先生代表河南参加了全国第一届民间音乐舞蹈会演，板头曲的独特风格在音乐界引起强烈反响。同年，部分板头曲经中央音乐学院民族音乐研究所整理出版。一代名家曹东扶先生传谱的筝曲《高山流水》、《苏武牧羊》更是传遍神州，远播海外。中国乐器表演课程（本科）教学大纲中的《闺中怨》、《高山流水》、《闹元宵》、《上楼》、《下楼》等都是板头曲曲谱。此后，曹东扶及其后人全力投入板头曲的记录整理和演奏，为传承、保护这一罕见的音乐品种做出巨大贡献。近期，随着大多数传人去世，板头曲正面临凋敝失传的危机。
After 1949, Bantou-qu was revived and gained wide attention. In 1953, Cao Dongfu, famous zither performer and inheritor of Bantou-qu, represented Henan province when taking part in the first national folk music and dance joint performance, and from then on the specific characteristics of Bantou-qu aroused a strong reaction in music circles. That year, part of the Bantou-qu pieces were compiled and published by the National Music Research Institute of Central Conservatory of Music. Zither pieces of Gaoshan Liushui and Su Wu Muyang (Su Wu in Sheepherding), a spectrum of which were handed down by the world-famous Cao Dongfu, were spreading fast both home and abroad. In the syllabus of Chinese Musical Instrument Playing Course (undergraduate course), Bantou-qu pieces of Guizhong Yuan, Gaoshan Liushui, Nao Yuanxiao (Celebrating Lantern Festival), Shang Lou and Xia Lou, etc. are all included. Thereafter, Cao Dongfu and later generations were all devoted to the systemizing and performing of Bantou-qu, making huge contributions to the inheritance and protection of this precious music form. Recently, most inheritors have passed away, and Bantou-qu is facing a crisis of extinction.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
宋光生
Song Guangsheng