Mongol nationality horse-headed fiddle music (matouqin yinyue) 蒙古族马头琴音乐

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：内蒙古
Region: Inner Mongolia
编号：Ⅱ-35
Ref. No.: Ⅱ-35
申报地区或单位：内蒙古自治区
Nominating unit[s]: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
马头琴是蒙古族音乐文化的典型代表，无论是它的造型、制作材料，还是它的音质音色、音乐表现风格和演奏方法，均体现着蒙古族的性格内涵，充分反映了蒙古族游牧生活的历史形态，表达着蒙古族对自然宇宙哲学性的思考和体悟。
Matouqin is what typically represents Mongolian musical culture. No matter its shape, material, or its tone, music performance style and playing method, all are reflective of the characteristics and connotations of the Mongol nationality, the historical formation of Mongolian nomadic life, and reflect the thoughts and philosophy of the Mongol nationality in regards to nature and the universe.
蒙古族马头琴历史悠久，在蒙古族形成时期，马头琴就已存在。在长期的历史发展中，马头琴形成了带有鲜明地域色彩的不同流派，这些流派又与蒙古族内部和外部的聚散离合以及历史变迁密切相关。可以说，马头琴伴随着蒙古族从草原和历史的远处一路走来，其中承载了丰富的历史文化信息。
Matouqin boasts a time-honored history, as it came into being along with the formation of the Mongol nationality. During its long and historic development, different schools of Matouqin formed with distinct regional features, which were closely related to the coming together and fracturing of the Mongol nationality, along with the significant historical changes that the Mongols underwent. As such, the Matouqin bears rich historical and cultural connotation.
马头琴不但在一些正式和隆重场合演奏，也出现在民间的婚典仪典和亲友聚会等日常活动中；既可为歌伴奏，亦可独奏曲目。马头琴具有深厚的社会和民俗传统基础，发挥着传播文化、陶冶情操、移风易俗等社会功能。
Matouqin is played both at formal and grand occasions, as well as at folk wedding ceremonies and informal gatherings. It can be played both solo, and as part of a group. Matouqin has a solid foundation in social and folk customs and traditions, encourages communication, and is involved in other important social functions that improve people's spiritual lives and social customs as well.
马头琴的传统曲目多从民歌中演化而来，可分为五类：1。原生民歌，如《朱色恋》、《八雅铃 》；2。英雄史诗曲牌，如《奔马调》、《打仗调》；3。马步调，即表现马形象的曲调；4。从民歌发展而来的琴曲，如《荷银 花》、《莫德烈 》 等；5。汉族古老曲调，如《普安咒》、《柳青娘》等。
Traditional pieces of Matouqin music evolved mostly from the national songs of the Mongol nation, and can be divided into 5 categories. The first category is native folk songs such as Zhuse Lian (Love of Red) and Baya Ling (Drinking Game of Eight Literati Elements); The second is heroic epics like Benma Diao (Tune of Galloping Horses) and Dazhang Diao (Tune of War); The third is Mabu Diao which is meant to evoke the imagery of horses; The fourth is the music played by musical instruments that developed from national songs, such as Heying Flower and Modelie, etc.; The fifth uses the ancient tones of Han nationality, such as Pu'an Zhou (Pu'an's Mantra)and Liu Qing Niang (Maid Liu Qing), etc.
马头琴在蒙古族文化中极受尊崇，已成为蒙古族文化极为重要的表现形式。近几十年来，马头琴的发展遇到了严重的困难。历史上马头琴有四大传统演奏流派，每一种演奏流派都有自己传统的演奏曲目。但时至今日，马头琴传承人日渐稀少，曲目失传现象严重，保护工作已刻不容缓。
The Matouqin is greatly revered and respected in the Mongolian culture, and is one of its most important ways of expressing their cultural heritage. In the past several decades, the Matouqin has encountered several setbacks. Traditionally speaking, there are four separate schools of Matouqin, each with their own unique, traditional pieces of music. However, fewer and fewer people are able to play these pieces of music, and fewer and fewer young people are interested in learning to play the Matouqin. As such, the Matouqin is in a severe decline, and it is necessary to take steps to preserve this art form.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
齐·宝力高 布林
Chi Baolege Olijit Brin