Fuxin Agate Carving 阜新玛瑙雕

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间美术
Category: Folk Art
地区：辽宁
Region: Liaoning Province
编号：Ⅶ-30
Ref. No.: VII-30
申报地区或单位：辽宁省阜新市
Nominating unit[s]: Fuxin City, Liaoning Province
辽宁省阜新市是中国四大玛瑙产地之一，玛瑙雕刻工艺享誉海内外。阜新清河门辽墓出土的莲花式盅及玛瑙管珠项链、酒杯、围棋等距今已有1000年的历史。清代乾隆年间，宫廷所用玛瑙饰物和雕件的用料及工艺大部分来自阜新。现今阜新蒙古族自治县七家子乡宝珠营子村就是因乾隆皇帝六十大寿时当地王爷进献"佛光玛瑙朝珠"而受封得名的。
Fuxin City，Liaoning Province is one of the four major agate production areas in China, and its agate carving craft enjoys a worldwide reputation. Objects like lotus-style cups, tubular agate bead necklaces, wine cups, Chinese chesses excavated from Qinghemen Tomb of the Liao Dynasty in Fuxin City can date back 1000 years. During the reign of Qianlong Emperor in the Qing Dynasty, the materials and techniques of agate jewelries and carvings for imperial use mainly came from Fuxin City. Baozhu Yingzi (means jewellery) Village (Qijiazi Town, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County) bears its current name which was given by Qianlong Emperor for the "agate necklace with Buddha's light" the local prince thereof presented in honor of Qianlong Emperor's 60th birthday.
玛瑙属中档宝石，具有多种天然色彩和条带花纹，是雕刻的理想材料。玛瑙有"玉黄金"的美称，其材质本身就具有收藏、保值、增值作用，并被视为美丽、幸福、吉祥、富贵的象征。制成一件精美的玛瑙玉件要经过选料、剥皮、设计、抛光、初雕、细雕和配座等七道工序。阜新玛瑙雕刻工艺门类齐全，素活工艺在同行业中处于领先地位，其中打钻掏膛、取链活环、肩耳制作、透雕活球、装饰雕刻等技艺为其特有的绝活儿。1974年根据周恩来总理指示雕成的阜新玛瑙《水帘洞》，现藏于中国国家博物馆。
As medium gems, agates, which come in various natural colors and strip patterns, are one of the ideal materials for carving. Agate is also renowned as "jade gold", and the material itself is worth collecting for inflation proof and value increase. Also, it is regarded as the symbol of beauty, happiness, luckiness and fortune. A fine agate ware will go through seven processes, i.e. selecting materials, peeling, design, polishing, initial carving, fine carving and mating base. Fuxin agate carving has complete categories, among which imitative carving craft takes a leading position in the trade. Its unique techniques include drilling & boring, chain ring hollowing, lug making, ball openwork, and decorative carving.Fuxin agate-made Water Curtain Cave (or Shui Lian Dong), carved upon the instruction of Premier Zhou Enlai in 1974, is now collected in the National Museum of China.
阜新玛瑙雕技艺主要通过家族传承，历史上有名望的玛瑙世家目前已传至第四代，玛瑙工艺素活的代表李洪斌大师现已67岁，阜新玛瑙雕在取得辉煌业绩的同时，已面临手工艺人技艺失传的危机，亟待抢救、保护。
Fuxin agate carving craft has been for the most part carried on by way of family inheritance. The prestigious agate families in history have passed this craft down to their respective fourth generation. Li Hongbin, a master of agate imitative carving, is 67 years old now. Despite its glorious achievements, Fuxin agate carving craft is on the brink of extinction, and the rescue and preservation of it are urgently required.