Liangping New Year Wood-block Prints 梁平木版年画

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间美术
Category: Folk Art
地区：重庆
Region: Chongqing municipality
编号：Ⅶ-10
Ref. No.: Ⅶ-10
申报地区或单位：重庆市梁平县
Nominating unit[s]: Liangping county, Chongqing Municipality
重庆市梁平县的梁平木版年画属于民间美术梁平“三绝”（竹帘、年画、灯戏）之一，至今约有三百年的历史。
Together with bamboo blinds and lantern opera comprising the Three Unique Folk Arts of Liangping, Chonqing, the Liangping New Year Wood-block prints enjoy a history of around three hundred years.
梁平木版年画的内容大体可分三类，一是门神，主要有《将帅图》、《立刀顿斧》、《加官晋爵》、《扬鞭》、《五子登科》等作品；二是神话传说，主要有《老鼠嫁女》、《麒麟送子》等作品；三是戏曲故事，主要有《四郎探母》、《踏伞》、《钟馗嫁妹》等作品。梁平县也生产各种类型的花笺、花纸和门画。在年画等的绘制技法上不仅继承了传统水印木板年画的工艺流程和川派雕刻技术，也吸取了徽派、金陵派的雕版套色技术，还运用西洋绘画中的焦点透视，巧施阴阳（明暗画法chiaroscuro），区分远近；其构图饱满简洁，人物夸张变形，色彩对比强烈，动静处理得当，造型古朴粗犷，使人过目难忘。
The themes of Liangping New Year wood-block prints can be divided into three categories, namely: pictures of door-deities which are posted on the front doors of a house to ward off evil spirits, such as Jiang Shuai Tu (commander and general), Lidao Dunfu (erecting the knife and the axe), Jiaguan Jinjue (promotion), Yang Bian (flourishing a whip), Wuzi Dengke (five sons passing the imperial examination); legends and fairy tales, such as Laoshu Jianv (the mouse marries off its daughter), Qilin Songzi (Chilin delivering the baby); and the operas such as Silang Tanmu (the fourth son visits his mother), Ta San (trodden umbrella), Zhongkui Jiamei (Zhong Kui marries off his sister). A variety of refined writing papers, colored papers and door-god pictures are also produced in this county. The wood-block prints adopt the technological processes of traditional New Year prints by wood-block printing and Sichuan-style artistic carvings, as well as Hui-style and Nanking-style polychromatic printings. A spatial perspective technique of western drawing is applied to define distances and intensities; the picture is composed in a dense but pithy style, while the images, with weirdly exaggerated styles and sharp contrasts in color, are extremely lifelike, simplistic, earthy and memorable.
清代，梁平木版年画便已“驰名京省处”，畅销东南亚。20世纪三四十年代，又被苏联、美国和法国等地的博物馆收藏，由此蜚声中外。20世纪末，《中国美术全集》、《中国民间美术全集》、《三峡民间艺术》和《民间年画》等大型画册中都收录了传统的梁平木版年画。随着现代社会环境的转变，民间习俗也发生了很大的变化。在此背景下，梁平木版年画逐渐淡出人们的生活，部分年画和雕版珍品散落民间，一些传承人先后去世，年画技艺后继乏人，濒临灭绝，急需进行抢救和保护。
As early as the Qing Dynasty, Liangping New Year wood-block prints were recognized in most provinces as well as Peking and they sold well in south Asian countries. In the 1930s and 40s they were acquired by the museums in the former Soviet unio, the USA and France, and became well known both at home and abroad from that time onwards. By the end of 20th century, full-length album of paintings, namely, The Complete Treasure of Chinese Fine Arts, The Complete Treasure of Chinese Folk Fine Arts, The Three Gorges Folk Fine Arts and Folk New Year Paintings, included the traditional Liangping New Year wood-block prints. With changes in the modern social environment, great changes have taken place in folk customs. Under such circumstances, this art form has played an increasingly less significant role in people’s lives, some pictures and superb block printings have been displaced and lost, inheritors of the engravings have passed away one after another and there is a shortage of talent within the art form, calling for protective measures and rescue efforts.