Tujia nationality sayeryo 土家族撒叶儿嗬

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间舞蹈
Category: Folk Dance
地区：湖北
Region: Hubei Province
编号：Ⅲ-18
Ref. No.: Ⅲ-18
申报地区或单位：湖北省长阳土家族自治县
Nominating unit[s]: Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, Hubei province
湖北长阳土家族"撒叶儿嗬"，是清江中游地区土家族非常独特的一种歌舞。历史悠久，据《蛮书》记载，土家族先民古时就有"击鼓以悼哀"、"其众必跳"的风习。
The Tujia nationality sayeryo in Changyang county, Hubei province is a special song-dance performance that is popular in the middle reaches of the Qingjiang River. The song-dance has a long history: the Manshu (book on the southern tribes) reveals that when the drum was played to express condolences, the ancestors of the Tujia nationality would dance.
"撒叶儿嗬"是一种传统祭祀歌舞，乡亲们聚在孝家堂屋里的亡者灵柩前，男人载歌载舞，女人们穿戴着鲜亮服饰围观助兴，这种活动往往通宵达旦的举行。土家族认为人的生死有如四季变化，是自然而然的，享尽天年的老人辞世是顺应自然规律，值得庆贺。土家人就这样用绝妙的歌腔舞态表达自己旷达的生死观。跳舞时先由歌师击鼓叫歌，舞者随鼓声应节起舞，舞蹈形式有"风夹雪"、"凤凰展翅"、"滚身子"、"美女梳头"、"牛擦背"、"犀牛望月"、"燕儿含泥"、"叶儿合"等24种套路，其动律特点是顺拐、屈膝、悠颤，出现6/8拍子带切分音的节奏律动。
Sayeryo is a traditional song-dance performance for funerals. People gather together in front of a coffin that is placed in the house of the deceased. The Tujia men will then sing and dance all through the night, while women, dressed in bright colors, observe the performance. The Tujia people believe that life and death are like the natural alternation of seasons; in their view, the death of the old who have enjoyed their declining years is the result of natural law, and is worthy of celebration. The Tujia people express their philosophy toward life and death through their wonderful songs and dances. When they start dancing, the singer will play the drum and begin singing. Dancers will then begin to dance to the rhythm. The dance has 24 styles, including fengjiaxue (wind mixed with snow), fenghuang zhanchi (the phoenix spreads its wings), gunshenzi (roll the body), meinv shutou (a beauty combs her hair), niucabei (a cow rubs its back), xiniu wangyue (a rhinoceros looks at the moon), yan'er hanni (a swallow carries mud with its mouth) and ye'erhe (leaves close). The gestures of the dance include turning, bending knees, and shaking. The rhythm of the dance is a 6/8 beat with syncopation.
"撒叶儿嗬"是歌、舞、乐浑然一体的艺术。它的声腔以男嗓高八度运腔，歌调是一种古老的特性三度，仅存于清江迤北长江三峡北岸的兴山一带，在其他歌种中已成绝响；其曲体结构与楚辞体式多有相似，从中尚能找到古代巴楚之地祭神乐歌的影子。歌舞中显示出难能可贵的积极人生态度，贯穿着豁达通脱的生命观念。
Sayeryo harmoniously integrates singing, dancing and music. The songs feature ottava alta (men), and an ancient melody (a unique third). Such unique art only exists in Xingshan County on the north bank of the Three Gorges, to the north of the Qingjiang River; and is not seen in any other type of song. The structure of the songs is similar to that of Chu Ci (Songs of Chu or Songs of the South). We can still see some of the worship music of the ancient Ba State and Chu State in the songs. The song-dance expresses a positive attitude towards life, and the philosophy of open-minded living.
"撒叶儿嗬"为清江土家所独有，具有一定的艺术价值和学术研究价值。
Sayeryo is unique to the Tujia nationality living in the Qingjiang basin. It has high artistic value and is valuable for academic study.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
覃自友 张言科
Qin Ziyou and Zhang Yanke