Yangzhou Pinghua 扬州评话

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Recitative, story-telling
地区：江苏
Region: Jiangsu Province
编号：Ⅴ—2
Ref. No.: V-2
申报地区或单位：江苏省扬州市
Nominating unit[s]: Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province
扬州评话是以扬州方言徒口讲说表演的曲艺说书形式，流行于苏北地区和镇江、南京、上海等地。兴起于清初，不久就形成了“书词到处说《隋唐》，好汉英雄各一方”的繁荣局面，独步一时的书目有《三国》、《水浒》等10部，身怀绝技的著名说书家也有20人之多。到了乾隆年间，有的艺人根据自己的生活体验加工充实传统节目，有的则创编新书。如屡试不第后成为扬州评话艺人的叶霜林把自己的遭遇和激愤心情寄寓到《岳传》中，说演《宗留守交印》“声泪俱下”，感人至深；浦琳根据自己的生活经历编说《清风闸》，塑造了以皮五辣子为代表的一批社会底层人物形象，影响深广；艺人邹必显独创新书《飞跎传》，讽刺嘲笑的矛头直指统治阶级中的显赫人物，一定程度上反映了受压迫者的心声，丰富了扬州评话的表现内容。
As a vocal art form of recitative performed in the Yangzhou dialect, Yangzhou Pinghua is popular in North Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Shanghai and other places. It came into being at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, and before long it became so flourishing that “Sui and Tang Dynasties (or Sui Tang) were told in the form of Pinghua and artisans highly skilled in this art could be found everywher. There were most popular ten pieces of works including Romance of Three Kingdoms (or San Guo) and Water Margin (or Shui Hu). In the meantime, there were over 20 highly skilled storytellers. During the reign of Qianlong Emperor in the Qing Dynasty, some storytellers modified and replenished traditional works in accordance with their life experiences, and some composed new works. For example, Ye Shuanglin, a Yangzhou Pinghua artist who previously failed the imperial examination for many times, incorporated his experiences and outraged feeling in The Legend of Yuefei (or Yue Zhuan). When telling the story of Zong Liushou Giving up Seal (Liushou: a title of a senior official), he was punctuating his talks with sobs, making audiences deeply impressed. Pu Lin wrote Qing Feng Zha based on his own experiences, wherin batches of figures at bottom society represented by Pi Wulazi (Pi Fengwu) were created, having had a far-reaching influence. Zou Bixian created a new story The Legend of Feituo (or Fei Tuo Zhuan), mocking and satirizing influential persons in the ruling class, expressing the heartfelt wishes of the oppressed, and enriching the contents of Yangzhou Pinghua.
扬州评话在艺术上以描写细致、结构严谨、首尾呼应、头绪纷繁而井然不乱见长，表演讲求细节丰富，人物形象鲜明，语言风趣生动。艺人在创作和表演中还十分注意渲染扬州本地的风光，具有浓郁的地方色彩。扬州评话表演上善于借鉴吸纳兄弟艺术的长处，注重口技的运用。其中《三国》和《水浒》是两部深受欢迎又自成流派的长篇节目，说演《三国》者以清咸丰、同治年间的李国辉、蓝玉春最为著名且影响深广，为后世所宗法，号为“李派”和“蓝派”；李国辉所传8个弟子时称“八骏”，其中的康国华以说演孔明角色见长而有“活孔明”之誉，由他开创的《三国》说演风格人称“康派”。说演《水浒》的名家有邓光斗，以表情动作精彩而获“跳打《水浒》”之誉。后来艺人王少堂在继承前辈《水浒》书艺的同时，发展了其中的宋江、武松、石秀、卢俊义等四个“十回书”，自成一绝，人称“王派《水浒》”。
Artistically, Yangzhou Pinghua features vivid description, carefully-constructed structure, inclusio pattern and good order despite of intricate plot. Meanwhile, the performance has abundant details, the figure is quite distinctive and the wording is quite humorous and lively. The artists also paid attention to popularize the scenery of Yangzhou during the Pinghua creation and performance. In this sense, Yangzhou Pinghua was permeated with rich local color. Meanwhile, it was good at learning and adsorbing advantages of other art forms during the performance and paid attention to the application of oral stunts. wher, Romance of Three Kingdoms and Water Margin were two pieces of long works which were well received and had formed their own school. Li Guohui and Lan Yuchun (“Li School” and “Lan School”), who lived during the reign of Xianfeng Emperor and Tongzhi Emperor in the Qing Dynasty were most famous artists telling the Romance of Three Kingdoms and had great influence. And, eight successors of Li Guohui was called “Eight Talents” (or Bajun) at that time, wherin, Kang Guohua was good at performing Kongming and was known as “Live Kongming”. The style of telling Romance of Three Kingdoms created by him was called “Kang School”. Deng Guangdou was an artist famous for telling Water Margin and known as “Telling the Water Margin during jumping” due to his splendid expressions and actions. Later, Wang Shaotang, while inheriting the storytelling art of predecessors on the Water Margin, had developed four “Shihuishu” on Song Jiang, Wu Song, Shi Xiu and Lu Junyi. He was called “Wang School Water Margin” due to the school of its own.
扬州评话的传统节目分为三类，其中包括讲史演义类的《东汉》、《西汉》、《三国》、《隋唐》、《水浒》、《岳传》等，公案侠义类的《绿牡丹》、《八窍珠》、《九莲灯》、《清风闸》等和属于神话灵怪类的《封神榜》、《西游记》、《济公传》等。中华人民共和国成立后，整理出版了王少堂的长篇《水浒》，即宋江、武松、石秀、卢俊义四个“十回书”，出版了《扬州评话选》和《扬州说书选》，与此同时，还出现了根据小说编演的《烈火金钢》、《林海雪原》、《红岩》和夏耘等创作的《挺进苏北》、李真创作的《广陵禁烟记》等一些长篇和中短篇书目。这一阶段的著名演员有王筱堂、王丽堂、俞又春、李信堂和惠兆龙等。
The traditional works of Yangzhou Pinghua encompass 3 categories: firstly, history stories, including East Han Dynasty (or Dong Han), West Han Dynasty (or Xi Han), Romance of Three Kingdoms, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Water Margin, The Legend of Yuefei, etc.; secondly, cases and chivalrous stories: Green Tree Peony (or Lv Mu Dan), Ba Qiao Zhu, Jiu Lian Deng, and Qing Feng Zha; and thirdly, myths, including The Legend of Deification (or Feng Shen Bang), Journey to the West (or Xi You Ji), The story of monk Chai Kung (or Ji Gong Zhuan), etc. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the long works Water Margin of Wang Shaotang, i.e., the four “Shihuishu” on Song Jiang, Wu Song, Shi Xiu and Lu Junyi, was prepared and published, so did Selections of Yangzhou Pinghua and Selections of Yangzhou Shuoshu. Meanwhile, Steel Meets Fire (or Lie Huo Jin Gang), Tracks in the Snowy Forest (or Lin Hai Xue Yuan), and Red Rock (or Hong Yan) were compiled and performed as per novels. Moreover, Xia Yun wrote the works of Marching towards North Jiangsu (or Ting Jin Su Bei), and Li Zhen had created The Record of Banning Opium in Guangling and some long, medium and short-length works. During this time, major figures highly skilled in this art include Wang Xiaotang, Wang Litang, Yu Youchun, Li Xintang, Hui Zhaolong, etc.
扬州评话现在面临前所未有的困境，演出队伍萎缩，听众老化，书场陈旧，后继乏人，生存与发展受到严峻挑战，亟待有效保护。
Currently, Yangzhou Pinghua is confronted with unprecedented difficulties such as declining troupes, aging audience, obsolete performing venues, and shortage of worthy successors. In this sense, its survival and development are facing severe challenges and it’s necessary to take efficient actions to protect the art.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
王丽堂 李信堂 惠兆龙 邢晏春
Wang Litang, Li Xintang, Hui Zhaolong, and Xing Yanchun