Lanzhou guzi 兰州鼓子

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Folk Vocal Art Forms
地区：甘肃
Region: Gansu Province
编号：Ⅴ-24
Ref. No.: V-24
申报地区或单位：甘肃省兰州市
Nominating unit[s]: Lanzhou City, Gansu Province
兰州鼓子是形成并主要流行于甘肃兰州地区，用兰州方音表演的曲艺形式，相传甘肃农村流传的以唱【打枣歌】和【切调】为主的"送秧歌"形式流入兰州后以清唱方式表演，形成兰州鼓子，时在清代中晚期。清末民初兰州鼓子又受到北京传来的"单弦八角鼓"和陕西传来的"迷胡子"（眉户）等的影响，艺术上进一步定型。其表演形式为多人分持三弦、扬琴、琵琶、月琴、胡琴、箫、笛等坐唱，走上高台后由一人自击小月鼓站唱，另有多人用三弦、扬琴、琵琶、月琴、胡琴等伴奏。兰州鼓子唱腔的音乐结构属于曲牌联套体，常用的唱腔曲牌有【坡儿下】、【罗江怨】、【边关调】等四十余支。长期以来，兰州鼓子主要由业余爱好者演唱，职业艺人很少，王义道、曹月儒、唐江湖、马东把式、张国良、卢应魁等是早期比较有名的兰州鼓子唱家。其传统节目内容极为广泛，既有历史故事和民间传说题材的中长篇，也有咏赞景物和喜庆祝颂的短段。广受听众欢迎的节目有"闺情曲"和"英雄曲"两类，前者如《别后心伤》、《拷红》、《莺莺饯行》、《独占花魁》等，后者如《武松打虎》、《林冲夜奔》、《延庆打擂》等，也有一些反映消极出世思想的作品，以《红尘参透》、《渔樵问答》等最为典型。20世纪40年代中期，热心兰州鼓子的爱好者李海舟（1907-1983）组织了"南山学会鼓子研究会"，调查保存了不少兰州鼓子的艺术资料。中华人民共和国成立后，兰州鼓子开始走上高台，出现了一些新节目，代表性的有《杨子荣降虎》、《夺取杉岚站》、《劫刑车》、《韩英见娘》等，知名演员有段树堂、王子英、张麟玉、王雅录等。
Lanzhou guzi, developed and popular in Lanzhou，Guansu Province, is a kind of folk vocal art form performed in Lanzhou dialect. It is said that it came into being in the middle and late Qing Dynasty and evolved from Songyangge songs, chiefly comprising "Dazaoge song" and "Qiediao song" popular in rural areas of Gansu Province, which have been performed without makeup since they were introduced to Lanzhou. During the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, Lanzhou guzi became more fledged thanks to the introduction of Beijing one-stringed octagonal drum and Shaanxi "Mi Hu Zi" (Mei Hu). It is performed together by players separately playing the Sanxian (a three-stringed plucked instrument), dulcimer, pipa (a plucked string instrument with a fretted fingerboard), Yueqin (a four-stringed plucked instrument with a full-moon-shaped sound box), Huqin (a general term for certain two-stringed bowed instruments), Xiao (a vertical bamboo flute) and flute, sitting and singing. once all players are on the platform, one player will hit the Xiaoyuegu (a kind of small drum) and sing standing, accompanied by the Sanxian, dulcimer, Pipa, Yueqin and Huqin. The musical structure of singing of Lanzhou guzi belongs to a set of Qupais (fixed-tuned melodies). There are more than 40 typical singing Qupais such as "Po Er Xia", "Luo Jiang Yuan" and "Bian Guan Diao". For a long time, Lanzhou guzi had been mostly performed by amateurs and there were few professional artists. Famous singers of Lanzhou guzi in the early stage included Wang Yidao, Cao Yueru, Tang Jianghu, Ma Dongbashi, Zhang Guoliang and Lu Yingkui. The content of its traditional performances ranged from historical stories, novellas and novels by theme of folk legends to episodes for praising sceneries and happy events. The works of "Gui Qing Qu" such as Heartbroken after Departure (or Bie Hou Xin Shang), Kao Hong, Seen off by Yingying (or Ying Ying Jian Xing) and Du Zhan Hua Kui, and "Ying Xiong Qu" such as Wu Song Taming the Tiger (or Wu Song Da Hu), Ling Chong Joining in the Insurgents of Lian Mountain at Night (or Lin Chong Ye Ben) and Yan Qing Joining in the Open Contest (or Yan Qing Da Lei), are the most popular with audiences. But some works reflected negative thoughts about renouncing the world and the most typical representatives were Renouncing the World (or Hong Chen Can Tou) and Interlocution with the Fishman (or Yu Qiao Wen Da). In the middle of 1940s, Li Haizhou (1907 -- 1983), a warm-hearted amateur of Lanzhou guzi, established Nanshan Society Guzi Research Association, investigating and preserving much artistic information on Lanzhou guzi. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lanzhou guzi was performed on stages. Some new works were created and typical representatives were Yang Zirong Taming the Tiger (or Yang Zi Rong Da Hu), Capturing Shanlan Station (or Duo Qu Shan Lan Zhan), Robbing the Prisoner's Van (or Jie Qiu Che) and Han Ying Meeting Her Mother (or Han Ying Jian Niang). Famous actors (actresses) included Duan Shutang, Wang Ziying, Zhang Linyu and Wang Yalu.
长期以来，兰州鼓子的继承发展处于自流状态，艺人很少，演出难见，急需采取有力措施加以扶持和保护。
The inheritance and development of Lanzhou guzi has long been ignored. There are a small number of people engaged in the trade, and a Lanzhou guzi performance is almost unavailable. Urgent and strong measures are required to support and protect this art.
相关传承人：
Inheritor:
魏世发
Wei Shifa