Jinge 锦歌

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：曲艺
Category: Folk Vocal Art Forms
地区：福建
Region: Fujian Province
编号：Ⅴ-26
Ref. No.: V-26
申报地区或单位：福建省漳州市
Nominating unit[s]: Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province
锦歌是一种重要的曲艺唱曲形式，流行于以漳州为中心，包括厦门、晋江、龙溪在内的闽南平原地带及台湾省，原名"杂锦歌"，"锦歌"是通行的简称。大约产生于明末清初，兴盛于清代中期，与泉州南音并称为闽南民间艺术的姐妹之花。20世纪40年代以后，锦歌开始走下坡路。
Jinge is an important folk music style, which is quite popular on the South Fujian Plain including Zhangzhou as the center, Xiamen, Jinjiang, and Longxi, and even in Taiwan Province. It was formerly known as "Zajinge", and "Jinge" is the common name for short. It was originated in late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty and flourished in the mid-Qing Dynasty. Jinge and Quanzhou Nanyin are known as "twin sisters" when it comes to South Fujian folk art. After 1940s, Jinge, however, began to fall out of favor.
锦歌的表演形式为多人围坐演唱，同时分持琵琶、洞箫、二弦、三弦及木鱼、双铃等自行伴奏。其唱腔音乐丰富繁杂，包括"五空仔"和"四空仔"等常用的主要曲调、"杂碎仔"和"念杂仔"等念诵性的曲调及"杂歌"与"花调仔"等吸收自姊妹艺术的曲调等多种类型。传统节目以《陈三五娘》、《秦雪梅》、《山伯英台》、《孟姜女》、《妙常怨》、《董永》、《吕蒙正》等最为著名。锦歌音乐唱腔海纳百川的丰富性反映出其艺术上兼容并蓄的开放品格，从一个侧面体现了流行地人民不拘一格、开拓进取的精神气质。
Jinge is performed in the form of players sitting around and singing accompanied by the synchronous playing of Chinese lute, Chinese bamboo flute, two-stringed lyre, three-stringed lyre, wooden knocker and double bell. The vocal music is extensive and complex in style, which includes the main melody of commonly-used "Wukongzai" and "Sikongzai", the reciting melody of "Zasuizai" and "Nianzazai", the melody of "Zage" and "Huadiaozai" borrowed from its "twin sister" folk art, and many other styles. The most famous traditional shows of Jinge include Chen San and Wu Niang, Xue-Mei Qin, Tales of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, Lady Mengjiang, Miao Chang Yuan, Dong Yong, Lu Mengzheng, etc. Jinge is all-inclusive in terms of singing style. It demonstrates the open character of embracement and inclusiveness, as well as eclectic and pioneering spirit of the people living in the prevailing regions of Jinge.
锦歌植根于民间，唱词通俗易懂，曲调优美流畅，具有浓郁的乡土气息。明末清初，郑成功收复台湾时，也把锦歌带至台湾，并与当地民歌、小调相结合，形成了"唱歌仔"的新形式。锦歌对姊妹艺术的哺育催生作用即此可见一斑。
Jinge took root among the folk people. Its lyrics are popular and easy to understand while its melody is sweet and smooth with a strong local flavor. During the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, Jinge was introduced into Taiwan after Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan, and it was mixed with the local folk songs and popular tunes and hence formed a new form called "Changgezai". It can be seen from this that Jinge has played an important role in nurturing and generating its twin-sister folk art.
随着时间的推移，现今人们对于锦歌的兴趣日益淡漠，锦歌艺术面临随时可能消亡的危机，需要设法加以保护。
As time goes by, people nowadays are having less and less interest in Jinge. There has been a crisis that it may become extinct at any time. Hence, we must find ways to protect this art from being lost.