South-western Shandong guchuiyue (Percussion and Wind Music) 鲁西南鼓吹乐

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：山东
Region: Shandong Province
编号：Ⅱ—45
Ref. No.: II-45
申报地区或单位：山东省嘉祥县
Nominating unit[s]: Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province
鲁西南鼓吹乐是一种以唢呐为主奏的民间器乐，它以嘉祥鼓吹乐为典型代表，主要分布在山东省济宁、枣庄、菏泽三市及周边地区。鲁西南鼓吹乐主要依赖节日庆典、婚丧嫁娶等民俗活动而存在。
South-western Shandong guchuiyue (Percussion and Wind Music) is an instrumental folk music style, with sauna as the dominating instrument. It is typically represented by Jiaxiang guchuiyue (Percussion and Wind Music). It’s popular in Jining City, Zaozhuang City, Heze City and their surrounding areas in Shandong Province, and it’s mainly performed in folk activities such as festivals, celebrations and weddings and funerals.
依照传统习惯，民间将以一支唢呐为主奏，另配以笛、笙、小镲、鼓等乐器者，称“单大笛”（唢呐，当地俗称大笛）；以两支唢呐为主奏，另配以小镲、云锣、汪锣、乐鼓等乐器者，称“对大笛”。此外，还有以锡笛为主奏的乐队和“咔戏”乐队等。
According to traditional customs, a band equipped with one suona as the dominating instrument and Chinese bamboo flutes, Sheng (a reed pipe wind instrument), small cymbals, drums and other instruments as the accompanying instruments is called “Single suona”. A band equipped with two suonas and small cymbals, Chinese gong chimes, Wangluo (a type of instrument), drums and other instruments as the accompanying instruments is called “Dui suona” (or Twin suona). Moreover, there are also other bands like “Kaxi” and that equipped with a bamboo flute as the dominating instrument.
在长期的传承实践中，鲁西南鼓吹乐形成了丰富的曲目家族、多样的调类系统、精湛的演奏技艺、数以百计的民间乐班和数以千计的鼓乐传人。代表性曲目有《百鸟朝凤》、《六字开门》、《一枝花》、《大合套》、《风搅雪》、《抬花轿》等，曲目总数在三百支以上；代表性演奏家有任同祥、贾瑞启、袁子文、魏永堂等，代表性乐班仅嘉祥一县就有以杨兴云为代表的“杨家班”，以曹瑞启为代表的“曹家班”，以任同祥为代表的“任家班”，以赵兴玉为代表的“赵家班”和以贾传秀为代表的“贾家班”。其中，杨家班的演奏风格古朴典雅，庄严肃穆；曹家班演奏时音色纯正，柔和甜美；任家班演奏时音色明亮，感情细腻；赵家班演奏时音色宽厚，高昂明亮；贾家班演奏时音色清脆，激荡起伏。一个时期以来，这五大班社带领其他鼓乐传人活跃于当地民间社会生活中，争奇斗妍，各领风骚，深得民众喜爱，并使嘉祥成为誉满中国、闻名遐迩的“唢呐之乡”。
In the course of the evolvement of the South-western Shandong Percussion and Wind Music, there emerged various works, multiple tonal systems and exquisite performing skills, hundreds of folk bands, and thousands of percussion and wind music successors. Those typical works include A Hundred Birds Paying Homage to the Phoenix (or Bai Niao Chao Feng), Opening the Door with Number Six (or Liu Zi Kai Men), A Spray of Blossom (or Yi Zhi Hua), Big Pack (or Da He Tao), Snow into the Wind (or Feng Jiao Xue), Carrying the Bridal Sedan-Chair (or Tai Hua Jiao), etc. And, there are altogether 300 works. Major performers highly skilled in the musical type include Ren Tongxiang, Jia Ruiqi, Yuan Ziwen, Wei Yongtang, etc. Meanwhile, there are plenty of representative troupes. As in Jiaxiang County only, there are “Yangjia Troupe” led by Yang Xingyun, “Caojia Troupe” led by Cao Ruiqi, “Renjia Troupe” led by “Ren Tongxiang”, “Zhaojia Troupe” led by Zhao Xingyu, and “Jiajia Troupe” led by Jia Chuanxiu. As to performance style, Yangjia Troupe is featured by simplicity and elegance, solemnity and serenity and Caojia Troupe by purity in timbre and dolce. Moreover, Renjia Troupe features with bright timbre and delicate sentiment, Zhaojia Troupe with broad and thick, exalted and bright timbre, and Jiajia Troupe with ringing and undulating timbre. For a period of time, these five troupes, with other percussion and wind music troupe successors, were competing with each other in the local social life and holding a leading position in respective field and were loved by the general public, making Jiaxiang County be a “Homeland of suona” enjoying tremendous popularity in China.
鲁西南鼓吹乐风格独特，质朴豪放，高亢激昂，具有较高的艺术价值，得到专家和广大群众的喜爱。鲁西南鼓吹乐这种普及面较广的民间艺术，经过专业文化工作者长期的挖掘、整理和推广，已在各方面得到了很大的提高，由婚丧嫁娶活动中的演奏，逐步扩展到大型节日联欢、开业庆典、参军升学、丰收喜庆等场合的演奏，为丰富城乡文化生活、满足群众文化需求起到了一定的作用。
The instrumental folk music is unique, simple, bold, unstrained, resounding and aroused, with high artistic values. It’s favored by professionals and the general public. As a widely popularized folk art form, it has been greatly refined in various aspects as a result of lasting exploration, preparation and promotion by professional cultural workers. It’s now performed in many occasions, not limited to weddings and funerals, like large-scale gathering during festivals, opening ceremony, joining the army and entering a higher school, and harvest celebrations. It plays a certain role in enriching cultural life in urban and rural areas and satisfying cultural demand of the general public.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
伊双来
Yi Shuanglai