全面提升中国经济发展内在动力

全面提升中国经济发展内在动力——在２００９年夏季达沃斯论坛上的讲话     中华人民共和国国务院总理　温家宝 ２００９年９月１０日       尊敬的克劳斯•施瓦布主席，尊敬的各位来宾，女士们，先生们：   首先，我对第三届夏季达沃斯论坛的召开，表示热烈祝贺！对各位嘉宾的到来，表示诚挚欢迎！   过去的一年，世界经济经受了上世纪大萧条以来最为严峻的挑战。年初在冬季达沃斯论坛上，许多人忧心忡忡。经过国际社会共同努力，加强合作，同舟共济，积极应对，当前世界经济形势出现一些积极变化，开始缓慢、曲折的复苏。人们看到了曙光。值此关键时刻，各国政要、企业家和专家学者相聚在这里，共同探讨“重振增长”问题，具有十分重要的意义。我衷心祝愿本次论坛获得圆满成功！     这场百年罕见的国际金融危机对中国经济的冲击是巨大的。我们坚定信心，迎难而上，从容应对，已经取得初步成效。 我们遏制住了经济增速下滑趋势，上半年国内生产总值增速达到７．１％，投资增速持续加快，消费稳定较快增长，国内需求对经济增长的拉动作用不断增强；前７个月，城镇新增就业６６６万人，城乡居民收入增加，社会大局保持稳定。我们有效控制财政和金融风险，财政赤字和国债规模分别控制在国内生产总值的３％和２０％左右；银行资产质量和抗风险能力提高，６月末商业银行不良贷款率１．８％，比年初下降０．６４个百分点，资本充足率为１１．１％。   在世界经济深度衰退的环境下，取得这样的成绩实属不易。这些成绩不是从天上掉下来的，而是中国政府和人民根据自身国情，坚持积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，实施应对国际金融危机一揽子计划的结果。有人把一揽子计划简单说成是４万亿投资，这是一种误解。   ——我们实施的一揽子计划，是以扩大内需为主、消费与投资拉动相结合的计划。新增４万亿元的两年投资计划中，中央政府投资１．１８万亿元，主要起四两拨千斤的作用，带动地方和社会资金参与建设。我们大力刺激消费，推动经济增长向内需特别是居民消费需求拉动转变。增加农民补贴，提高粮食最低收购价，实施中小学教师绩效工资，提高城乡低保补助水平，增强城乡居民消费能力。对家电、农机、汽车、摩托车下乡以及汽车、家电“以旧换新”给予财政补贴，对购买小排量、节能环保型汽车减半征收车辆购置税，拉动消费增长。前７个月，累计销售汽车７３１万辆，社会商品零售总额累计增长１５％。         ——我们实施的一揽子计划，是当前和长远相结合、保增长与调结构相统一的计划。截至今年７月底，中央下达的投资中，保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资占５２．４％，自主创新和结构调整、节能减排和生态建设投资占２４．７％，重大基础设施建设占２２．９％。中央扩大投资的方向非常明确，主要用于加强经济社会发展薄弱环节，消除国民经济瓶颈制约，在积极拉动内需的同时，促进结构调整和发展方式转变。我们制定实施１０个重点产业调整和振兴规划，既着眼于解决当前困难，又致力于产业的长远发展，特别是加强技术改造和科技创新，抑制产能过剩，支持战略性新兴产业发展，将大大增强中国经济的可持续发展能力。             ——我们实施的一揽子计划，是政府与市场作用相统一、发展与改革相促进的计划。政府资金主要投向公共领域，并发挥对社会资金的引导作用；结构性减税约５５００亿元，旨在增强企业的投资能力和居民的消费能力。运用财政贴息、税收等手段，引导企业调整结构，兼并重组。调低利率和存款准备金率，保持银行体系流动性合理充裕。今年重点推进的各项改革，都着眼于消除体制性、结构性矛盾，增强经济发展的活力与动力。     ——我们实施的一揽子计划，是既保增长、又惠民生的计划。我们将公共资源配置向民生工程倾斜。在全国１０％的县市区试点新型农村社会养老保险，覆盖９０００万人。全面推进医药卫生体制改革，３年各级政府新增投入８５００亿元，缓解城乡居民“看病难、看病贵”问题；中央财政还安排４２９亿元，解决关闭破产国有企业退休人员的医疗保障问题。千方百计扩大就业，特别是高校毕业生和农民工等重点群体就业。２００９年，中央财政安排用于教育、医疗卫生、社会保障和就业、保障性安居工程等民生方面的支出比上年增长２９．４％。             总的看，我们应对国际金融危机采取的宏观经济政策和一揽子计划是符合中国实际的，也是及时的、有力的、有效的。但是，中国经济企稳回升的态势还不稳定、不巩固、不平衡。世界经济前景还存在诸多不确定因素，外需下滑的压力仍然很大；扩大内需在短期内受到多方面制约，一些行业、企业经营仍然困难，结构调整的任务十分艰巨；一些刺激政策的效应会递减，一些着眼长远的政策收到成效需要时间。因此，我们不能也不会在不适当的条件下改变政策方向。我们将继续把保持经济平稳较快发展作为首要任务，坚定不移地继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，全面落实并不断丰富和完善一揽子计划，及时发现和解决经济运行中的新情况、新问题，提高政策的针对性、有效性和可持续性，同时，警惕和防范包括通胀在内的各种潜在风险，推动中国经济平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定。  女士们，先生们：     国际金融危机对世界经济的影响是深远的，中国也不例外，应对国际金融危机将是一项长期艰巨的任务。我们政策的着力点不仅在于克服短期困难，更要着眼于长远发展，从根本上解决制约中国经济健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾，全面增强经济发展的内在动力，全面增强经济、社会的整体素质和可持续发展能力，为全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会打下更加牢固的基础。     我们要把调整经济结构作为主攻方向，更加注重以内需、特别是最终消费拉动经济增长。扩大内需是中国经济发展的长期战略方针，是应对国际金融危机、抵御外部风险的必由之路。必须大力调整内需外需结构，不断增强内需对经济增长的拉动力。特别要提高消费在内需中的比重，努力增加城乡居民收入，改善居民消费预期，提高居民消费意愿和能力。保持投资合理增长，优化投资结构，提高投资效益，淘汰落后产能，推动兼并重组，防止重复建设。我们要把加快发展服务业作为结构调整的关键环节，作为扩大内需的重点任务，作为促进供需平衡增长的重要结合点。把发展服务业与调整需求结构结合起来，与鼓励民营经济发展结合起来，与扩大就业结合起来，不断提高服务业占国内生产总值的比重，提高服务业市场化、产业化、社会化水平。           我们要把深化改革开放作为根本动力，更加注重构建充满活力的体制机制。要全面提升中国经济发展的内在动力与活力，关键是要进一步深化改革开放。当前的重要任务是：深化收入分配体制改革，调整国民收入分配格局，提高居民收入比重，缩小收入分配差距；加快建立反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的生产要素和资源价格形成机制，推进资源性产品价格和环保收费改革；继续深化财税金融体制改革，健全资本市场和银行体系，完善人民币汇率形成机制；毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。在全面推进经济体制改革的同时，积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革。要坚定不移地深入实施互利共赢的开放战略，努力提高开放型经济水平。       我们要把科技创新作为重要支撑，更加注重扶持战略性新兴产业发展。科学技术是经济发展的强大动力。战胜当前这场严重的国际金融危机，必须更加注重利用科学技术寻求突破，依靠科技进步促进发展，全面建设创新型国家。一方面要突破制约产业转型升级的关键技术，促进战略性新兴产业加快发展，重点支持新能源、新材料、生物医药、第三代移动通信、三网融合等产业的技术研发和产业化，加快发展低碳经济、绿色经济，努力占领国际产业竞争的制高点。另一方面，要加快运用高新技术和先进适用技术改造传统产业，大幅提升农业、制造业和传统服务业的现代化水平。           我们要把统筹城乡区域协调发展和推动城镇化作为战略重点，更加注重拓展新的发展空间。统筹城乡区域协调发展，既是支撑中国经济长期较快发展的强大内在动力，也是全面建设小康社会的难点重点。既是我们应对国际金融危机的回旋余地所在，更是中国经济和社会自我改造的伟大工程。要始终不渝地做好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础。协调推进城镇化和新农村建设。统筹考虑人口集聚、土地集约、产业发展和公共服务等因素，积极稳妥地推进工业化、城镇化，提高城镇综合承载能力，为经济的持久发展开拓新的空间。继续实施区域发展总体战略，加快形成新的区域增长极。           我们要把保障和改善民生作为出发点和落脚点，更加注重完善社会保障体系和发展社会事业。应对国际金融危机，根本目的是实现强国与富民的统一，不断满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求，让人民群众过上好生活。要实施更加积极的就业政策，千方百计增加就业岗位；抓紧完善社会保障体系，进一步健全养老、医疗、失业等保障体系，扩大覆盖面，提高统筹层级和保障水平；全面发展教育、医药卫生、文化体育等社会事业，促进基本公共服务逐步均等化。努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居。   女士们、先生们： 世界经济正在经历深刻变革和转型，各国的前途和命运从未像今天这样紧密相连。我们要把眼光放得更长远一点，把胸怀放得更宽广一些，为推动世界的和谐与繁荣，我倡议：   一要共同应对全球气候变化。气候变化是人类面临的共同挑战，需要每个国家、企业和个人承担起相应的责任。中国高度重视气候变化问题，制定了应对气候变化国家方案，不断增加科研投入，大力调整产业结构，推动节能减排。经过３年努力，单位ＧＤＰ能耗累计下降１０％，二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放累计下降９％和６．６％。我们还在进一步采取措施，努力减缓温室气体排放。应对气候变化必须加强国际合作。要依据《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》的原则与规定，开展广泛对话和务实合作。充分考虑各国基本国情、发展阶段、历史责任、人均排放等多种因素，坚持可持续发展的框架，坚持共同但有区别责任的原则。发达国家应正视自己的历史责任和高人均排放现实，大幅度降低温室气体排放，并为发展中国家应对气候变化提供资金、技术和能力建设支持。发展中国家也应尽最大努力，为应对气候变化做出积极贡献。             二要共同反对贸易和投资保护主义。保护主义只会拖累世界经济复苏，最终受害的是各国企业和人民。国际金融危机的影响远未消除，全球反对保护主义的决心不能动摇，行动不能松懈，更不能说一套做一套。要警惕和纠正形形色色的隐性保护主义行为。中国积极参与经济全球化进程，决不搞贸易和投资保护主义。我们言必信，行必果。在国际金融危机肆虐之际，组织多个投资贸易促进团，赴欧美各地采购商品和扩大投资合作。我们以实际行动履行了反对保护主义的诺言，我们也期待各国的共同行动。         三要共同促进全球经济的可持续复苏。国际金融危机的影响并没有减弱，短期内也很难消除。经济复苏的“绿芽”需要“阳光雨露”，需要悉心爱护。各国要增进共识，加强宏观政策协调，实施符合本国国情和负责任的财政货币政策，保持宏观经济政策方向的一致性。要加快推动国际金融体系改革，加强国际金融监管合作，建立有效的危机预警和处置机制，提高金融市场透明度，增强防范和应对潜在风险隐患的能力，促进金融稳定和可持续的经济增长。     四要共同保护知识产权。保护知识产权是激励创新、推动发展的必然要求。保护知识产权，就是保护创新的原动力。国际社会要共同提升知识产权创造、运用、保护和管理能力，尊重各国国情、兼顾各方特别是发展中国家的利益，在平等互利基础上开展对话和合作，推动建立平衡有效的知识产权保护制度。中国保护知识产权的立场是坚定不移的，我们将继续全面实施国家知识产权战略，大力营造保护知识产权的法制、市场和文化氛围，让一切创新成果得到尊重和回报，促进各种发明创造转化为现实生产力。     女士们、先生们！在国际金融危机爆发之初，我呼吁要坚定信心，信心比黄金和货币更重要。在应对危机最困难的时候，我呼吁要充满希望，希望会带来力量。在当前应对危机的关键时刻，我呼吁务必坚持，坚持到底就是胜利。国际金融危机的阴霾终将散去，让我们共同开创更加光辉灿烂的美好明天！     谢谢大家！

Full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's speech at 2009 Summer Davos in Dalian Build up in an All-round Way the Internal Dynamism of China's Economic Development         Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China     At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of New Champions 2009     Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum,     Distinguished Guests,     Ladies and Gentlemen,     Let me begin by extending warm congratulations on the opening of the third Annual Meeting of the New Champions, or the Summer Davos, and a sincere welcome to you all.     Over the past year, the world economy has experienced the most severe challenge since the Great Depression. We may recall the worries voiced by many people early this year when we gathered in Davos for the World Economic Forum annual meeting. Since then, thanks to the concerted efforts and active measures of the entire international community, some positive changes have taken place. The world economy is beginning to recover, although the process is slow and tortuous. We can now see the light of dawn on the horizon.This is a critical juncture and it is highly significant for political leaders, entrepreneurs, experts and scholars of various countries to gather together here and discuss how to "Relaunch Growth" of the world economy. I sincerely wish this meeting a great success!     This unprecedented global financial crisis has taken a heavy toll on the Chinese economy. Yet, we have risen up to challenges and dealt with the difficulties with full confidence. And we have achieved initial results in our endeavor.     We have arrested the downturn in economic growth. In the first half of this year, China's GDP grew by 7.1 percent, investment expanded at a faster pace, and consumption maintained fast and steady growth. Domestic demand played a stronger role in driving the economy forward. From January to July, 6.66 million new urban jobs were created, income of urban and rural residents increased, and overall social stability was maintained. We effectively managed fiscal and financial risks and kept budget deficit and government debt at around 3 percent and 20 percent of the GDP respectively. Banks' asset quality and ability to fend off risks were improved. At the end of June, the NPL ratio of commercial banks was 1.8 percent, down by 0.64 percentage point from the beginning of the year, and capital adequacy ratio stood at 11.1 percent.     With the world economy still mired in recession, it is by no means easy for us to have come this far. The achievements we have made are not something that dropped into our lap. Rather, they are the results of the proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy and the stimulus package that the Chinese government and people have pursued in line with the national conditions. Some people take a simplistic view and believe that China's stimulus package means only the four trillion RMB yuan investment. This is a total misunderstanding.     China's stimulus package focuses on expanding domestic demand and is aimed at driving economic growth through both consumption and investment. Of the total four trillion yuan in the two-year investment program, 1.18 trillion yuan will come from the central government, and it will mainly be used to generate greater investment by local governments and the non-public sector. We have made vigorous efforts to stimulate consumption and make domestic demand, particularly consumer spending the primary driver of economic growth. We have increased subsidies for farmers, raised the minimum purchasing price of grains, introduced performance-based salaries for primary and middle school teachers, and increased the basic cost of living allowances for urban and rural residents so that the people will be able to spend more. In order to boost consumption, we have offered subsidies for the program of bringing home appliances, agricultural machinery, automobiles and motorcycles to the countryside and the program of exchanging used automobiles and home appliances for new ones. Purchase taxes on small-engine and energy conserving and environment friendly cars have been cut by half. In the first seven months, a total of 7.31 million cars were sold and total retail sales of consumer goods rose by 15 percent. China's stimulus package aims to address both immediate problems and long-term needs, and achieve economic growth in the course of restructuring. By the end of July, 52.4 percent of the investment made by the central government had gone to government-subsidized housing, projects for better rural livelihood and social programs. Another 24.7 percent had been channeled into areas such as independent innovation, economic restructuring, energy conservation, emission reduction and ecological enhancement. only 22.9 percent of the investment had been used for major infrastructure projects. This shows that the central government has a clear vision in expanding investment, that is, the money should focus on shoring up the weak links in economic and social development, help remove the bottlenecks in the national economy, and contribute to structural readjustment and transformation in the development model while giving a strong push to domestic demand. We have formulated and carried out plans to adjust and reinvigorate ten key industries, with a view to both addressing their immediate difficulties and ensuring their long- term development. In particular, we want to strengthen technical upgrading and innovation, rein in excess capacity and support the development of new industries of strategic significance so that the Chinese economy will be put on a more sustainable path.     China's stimulus package seeks to coordinate the role of the government and the market and enable development and reform to advance in a mutually reinforcing way. The bulk of government funds will go into public services and serve as a guide for the flow of non-public funds. The structural tax cuts involving 550 billion yuan are aimed at raising corporate capacity to invest and people's ability to spend. The government-funded interest discount and tax tools are designed to encourage the restructuring, merger and reorganization of enterprises. And the cut in interest rate and the required reserve ratio has ensured reasonably adequate liquidity in the banking system. All the key reform measures that we have taken this year are intended to eliminate the institutional and structural barriers in the economy and strengthen the vitality and dynamism of economic growth.     China's stimulus package is designed to both sustain economic growth and improve people's livelihood. We give priority to projects affecting people's well-being in allocating public resources. We have introduced, on a trial basis, a new rural old-age insurance program in 10% of the counties across the country, with a total coverage of 90 million people. We are pressing ahead with comprehensive reform in the pharmaceutical and health care system. Within a period of three years, governments at all levels will invest an additional 850 billion yuan to make medical services more accessible and affordable for both urban and rural residents. The central government has set aside 42.9 billion yuan to provide medical insurance for all retirees of the closed or bankrupt state owned enterprises. We are taking all possible steps to expand employment, particularly jobs for college graduates and rural migrant workers. For the year of 2009, the central budget for education, medical and health care, social security, employment, government-subsidized housing and other programs related to people's well-being will be 29.4% higher than that of last year.     China's macro-economic policy and the stimulus package are on the whole in keeping with the country's reality and have proven to be timely, forceful and effective. However, the stabilization and recovery of the Chinese economy is not yet steady, solid and balanced. With many uncertainties remaining in the prospects of the world economy, we still face tremendous pressure of the decline in external demand. And we are under various constraints in expanding domestic demand in the short term. Some industries and businesses remain in a difficult situation, and the task of economic restructuring is a daunting one. Some of the stimulus measures will see their effect wane, and it will take time before those long-term policies show effect. Given such a state of affairs, we cannot and will not change our policy direction in the absence of proper conditions. We will continue to take maintaining steady and relatively fast economic growth as our primary task. We will unswervingly follow the proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy, and fully implement and continuously enrich and improve the stimulus package. We will promptly identify and address new developments and new problems in the economy, make our policies more targeted, effective and sustainable, and guard against and fend off various potential risks, including inflation, so that the Chinese economy will achieve fast and steady growth and the country will enjoy social stability and harmony. Ladies and Gentlemen,     The international financial crisis has inflicted far-reaching impact on the world economy, and China's economy has not been immune. To counter the global financial crisis is a long-term and arduous task. Our policies should not only focus on overcoming the short-term difficulties, but also, and more importantly, ensure long-term development. They should seek to bring a fundamental solution to the institutional and structural problems constraining the sound growth of China's economy, boost the internal dynamism of economic growth in an all-round way, and raise the overall quality of economic and social progress and the capacity for sustainable development. This way, we will lay a more solid foundation for building a moderately prosperous society at a higher level to the benefit of the more than one billion population.     We should focus on restructuring the economy, and make greater effort to enhance the role of domestic demand, especially final consumption in spurring growth. To boost domestic demand is a long-term strategic policy for China's economic growth and the way for us to tackle the financial crisis and stave off external risks. We must take forceful measures to adjust the structures of domestic and external demands and strengthen the role of domestic demand in fuelling economic growth. In particular, we must increase the share of consumption in domestic demand, raise urban and rural income, improve consumer expectations, and enhance people's willingness and capacity to spend. We will maintain rational growth of investment, optimize the investment structure, increase investment returns, shut down backward production facilities, encourage corporate merger and reorganization and avert redundant construction. We will speed up the development of the service sector and make it a key link in our restructuring effort, a priority task in boosting domestic demand, and an important factor in promoting balanced growth of supply and demand. Development of the service sector must be pursued in the broader context of adjusting the demand structure, encouraging the growth of the non-public sector of the economy and expanding employment. We will increase the share of the service sector in the GDP on a continuous basis, and put in place a market-based service industry with the participation of multiple service providers.     We should deepen reform and opening-up, the fundamental force in driving development, and make greater effort to build vibrant institutions and mechanisms. Reform and opening-up are essential to strengthening the dynamism and momentum of China's economic growth. Our major tasks in this connection are as follows: deepen the reform of income distribution system, adjust the structure of national income distribution, increase the share of people's income, and narrow the gap in income distribution. We will speed up the establishment of pricing mechanisms for resources and factors of production that are responsive to market changes and reflect the scarcity level of the resources and environmental cost, and push forward the reform in resource products price and environmental protection charge. We will deepen reform of fiscal, taxation and financial systems, upgrade the capital market and banking system, and improve the RMB exchange rate regime. We will unswervingly reinforce and develop the public sector of the economy and encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector. While pressing ahead with the comprehensive economic restructuring, we will advance political restructuring in an active and steady way. We will firmly implement the win-win strategy of opening-up and work hard to raise the level of the open economy.     We should see scientific and technological innovation as an important pillar and make greater effort to develop new industries of strategic importance. Science and technology is a powerful engine of economic growth. To overcome the severe international financial crisis, we must rely more on science and technology in making breakthroughs and boosting development. We will make China a country of innovation. We will seek breakthroughs in key technologies that are vital to industrial transformation and upgrading, speed up the development of new industries of strategic importance, and give priority to research, development, and industrial application of technologies in new energy, new materials, bio-medicine, third generation mobile communications, and the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet. We will accelerate the development of a low carbon economy and green economy so as to gain an advantageous position in the international industrial competition. We will, at the same time, speed up the upgrading of traditional industries through new and high technologies and advanced applicable technologies and substantially increase the level of modernization in agriculture, manufacturing and the traditional service sector.     We should take it as a strategic priority to pursue balanced development between urban and rural areas and among various regions and promote urbanization, and make greater effort to expand new areas of growth. To balance urban and rural development and development among regions provides a strong internal force that supports China's long-term fast economic growth. This is a primary and also tough task for us as we endeavor to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. It offers us much leeway in tackling the global financial crisis and represents a great undertaking in the self-improvement of China's economy and society. We must do a good job in work related to agriculture, the rural areas and farmers, and solidify the foundation of agriculture. We will advance urbanization and the building of a new countryside in a coordinated manner. We will take active and steady measures to promote industrialization and urbanization on the basis of balanced consideration of such factors as population density, land use efficiency, industrial development and public services, raise the overall carrying capacity of cities, and open up new space for sustained economic growth. We will continue with our effort to pursue a holistic strategy on regional development and foster new regional growth areas at a faster pace. We should make better livelihood for the people the supreme goal of our work and make greater efforts to improve the social safety net and develop social programs. Our ultimate goal in overcoming the global financial crisis is to build a strong country while improving the livelihood of the people, meet the people's ever-growing material and cultural needs and bring about a better life for the people. We will implement a more proactive employment policy and take all possible measures to create jobs. We will put in place a sound social safety net that covers more people, improve the old-age pension, medical care and unemployment benefit programs, raise the pooling level and increase the welfare benefits. We will develop a wide range of social programs covering education, medicine, health, arts and sports and promote equal access to basic public services. We will do all we can to ensure that all our people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing.     Ladies and Gentlemen,     The world economy is undergoing profound changes and transition. The future and destiny of all countries are more closely interconnected than at any time in history. We should be more forward-looking and more broad-minded. To promote world harmony and prosperity, I propose that we make concerted efforts in the following areas:     First, tackle climate change. Climate change is a common challenge confronting the entire mankind. Each and every country, enterprise and individual should assume a due share of responsibility in meeting the challenge. China takes this issue very seriously. We have developed the national program on tackling climate change, increased resources for scientific research and taken aggressive steps to adjust the industrial structure with a view to saving energy and reducing pollutants. Through three years of hard work, our energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by10%, and SO2 and COD emissions declined by 9% and 6.6%. Further steps are being taken to cut greenhouse gas emissions. Stronger international cooperation is crucial for addressing climate change. It is important for us to conduct extensive dialogue and practical cooperation in line with the principles and provisions of the United Nations framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol. We should take into full account the basic national conditions, stage of development, historical responsibility and percapita emission of different countries in carrying out such cooperation and uphold the framework of sustainable development and the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities". Developed countries should recognize their historical responsibility as well as their high per capita emissions, substantially cut greenhouse gas emissions, and extend financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing countries in their effort to tackle climate change. Developing countries, on their part, should exert themselves and make positive contributions to the fight against climate change.     Second, oppose trade and investment protectionism. Protectionism will only delay world economic recovery and ultimately hurt the interests of the businesses and people of all countries. With the shadow of the global financial crisis still lingering, the international community must not waver in its resolve or slacken its efforts against protectionism. It is all the more inadmissible to say one thing while doing just the opposite. We must guard against and redress all forms of covert protectionist activities. As an active participant in economic globalization, China will never engage in trade or investment protectionism. We mean what we say and we honor our word with real action. For example, we sent several trade and investment promotion missions to Europe and the United States in the raging times of the financial crisis to purchase goods and boost investment cooperation. We have kept our commitment and we look forward to joint actions from all other countries.     Third, promote sustainable recovery of the world economy. The impact of the crisis is as strong as ever and is unlikely to disappear anytime soon. A nascent economic recovery needs our care, just as a green shoot needs sunshine and water. Countries should increase consensus, strengthen coordination of macro-economic policies, pursue responsible fiscal and monetary policies that fit their national conditions and maintain the consistency of the macro-economic policies. We should accelerate reform of the international financial system, intensify international cooperation on financial regulation, establish an effective early-warning and crisis management system, increase transparency of financial markets and raise the capacity to fend off and respond to potential risks so as to bolster financial stability and sustainable economic growth.     Fourth, protect intellectual property rights (IPR). IPR protection is vital to driving innovation and development. To safeguard IPR is to safeguard the source strength of innovation. It is important for the international community to jointly improve capacities for IPR creation, application, protection and management and build a balanced and effective IPR protection system on the basis of respecting the national conditions of all countries and accommodating the interests of all parties, especially those of developing countries, and through dialogue and cooperation under the principle of equality and mutual benefit. China stands firm on IPR protection. We will continue to implement our national IPR strategy, take strong measures to foster a legal, market and cultural environment for IPR protection, see to it that all fruits of innovation be respected and rewarded and translate inventions and discoveries of all kinds into real forces of production.     Ladies and Gentlemen,     At the early stage of the global financial crisis, I called for confidence, as confidence is more important than gold and currency. At the most difficult stage of fighting the financial crisis, I called for hope, as hope is the source of strength. At this critical juncture of countering the financial crisis, I called for perseverance, as perseverance will lead us to final victory. The dark cloud of the financial crisis will disperse. Let us work together for a more splendid future.     Thank you.