在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上的讲话

携手应对气候变化挑战 　　——在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上的讲话 　　(2009年9月22日，美国纽约) 　　中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛 　　潘基文秘书长， 　　各位同事： 今天，各国领导人汇聚联合国，共商应对气候变化大计，这对推动国际社会有力应对气候变化这一全球性挑战具有十分重要的意义。     全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。37年来，从斯德哥尔摩到里约热内卢，从京都到巴厘岛，我们为保护全球环境、应对气候变化共同努力，取得显著成就。这是世界各国不断加深认知、不断凝聚共识、不断应对挑战的历史进程。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》已成为各方公认的应对气候变化主渠道，共同但有区别的责任原则已成为各方加强合作的基础，走可持续发展道路、实现人与自然相和谐已成为各方共同追求的目标。           气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工等因素密切相关。归根到底，应对气候变化问题应该也只能在发展过程中推进，应该也只能靠共同发展来解决。       应对气候变化，涉及全球共同利益，更关乎广大发展中国家发展利益和人民福祉。在应对气候变化过程中，必须充分考虑发展中国家的发展阶段和基本需求。发展中国家历史排放少、人均排放低，目前受发展水平所限，缺少资金和技术，缺乏应对气候变化能力和手段，在经济全球化进程中处于国际产业链低端，承担着大量转移排放。当前，发展中国家的首要任务仍是发展经济、消除贫困、改善民生。国际社会应该重视发展中国家特别是小岛屿国家、最不发达国家、内陆国家、非洲国家的困难处境，倾听发展中国家声音，尊重发展中国家诉求，把应对气候变化和促进发展中国家发展、提高发展中国家发展内在动力和可持续发展能力紧密结合起来。                   　　各位同事！ 应对气候变化，实现可持续发展，是摆在我们面前一项紧迫而又长期的任务，事关人类生存环境和各国发展前途，需要各国进行不懈努力。当前，我们在共同应对气候变化方面应该坚持以下几点。   　　第一，履行各自责任是核心。共同但有区别的责任原则凝聚了国际社会共识。坚持这一原则，对确保国际社会应对气候变化努力在正确轨道上前行至关重要。发达国家和发展中国家都应该积极采取行动应对气候变化。根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》的要求，积极落实“巴厘路线图”谈判。发达国家应该完成《京都议定书》确定的减排任务，继续承担中期大幅量化减排指标，并为发展中国家应对气候变化提供支持。发展中国家应该根据本国国情，在发达国家资金和技术转让支持下，努力适应气候变化，尽可能减缓温室气体排放。             第二，实现互利共赢是目标。气候变化没有国界。任何国家都不可能独善其身。应对这一挑战，需要国际社会同舟共济、齐心协力。支持发展中国家应对气候变化，既是发达国家应尽的责任，也符合发达国家长远利益。我们应该树立帮助别人就是帮助自己的观念，努力实现发达国家和发展中国家双赢，实现各国利益和全人类利益共赢。         第三，促进共同发展是基础。发展中国家应该统筹协调经济增长、社会发展、环境保护，增强可持续发展能力，摆脱先污染、后治理的老路。同时，不能要求发展中国家承担超越发展阶段、应负责任、实际能力的义务。从长期看，没有各国共同发展，特别是没有发展中国家发展，应对气候变化就没有广泛而坚实的基础。       第四，确保资金技术是关键。发达国家应该担起责任，向发展中国家提供新的额外的充足的可预期的资金支持。这是对人类未来的共同投资。气候友好技术应该更好服务于全人类共同利益。应该建立政府主导、企业参与、市场运作的良性互动机制，让发展中国家用得上气候友好技术。         　　各位同事！ 中国取得了巨大发展成就，人民生活和社会面貌发生了深刻变化。中国经济总量虽然已处于世界前列，但人均国内生产总值仍排在全球100位之后。中国仍是世界上最大发展中国家，人口占世界五分之一，城乡、区域、经济社会发展不平衡，面临的困难还很多，实现现代化还有很长的路要走。中国从对本国人民和世界人民负责任的高度，充分认识到应对气候变化的重要性和紧迫性，已经并将继续坚定不移为应对气候变化作出切实努力，并向其他发展中国家提供力所能及的帮助，继续支持小岛屿国家、最不发达国家、内陆国家、非洲国家提高适应气候变化能力。               中国高度重视和积极推动以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展，明确提出了建设生态文明的重大战略任务，强调要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持走可持续发展道路，在加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和建设创新型国家的进程中不断为应对气候变化作出贡献。         中国已经制定和实施了《应对气候变化国家方案》，明确提出2005年到2010年降低单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆盖率和可再生能源比重等有约束力的国家指标。仅通过降低能耗一项，中国5年内可以节省能源6. 2亿吨标准煤，相当于少排放15亿吨二氧化碳。   今后，中国将进一步把应对气候变化纳入经济社会发展规划，并继续采取强有力的措施。一是加强节能、提高能效工作，争取到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年有显著下降。二是大力发展可再生能源和核能，争取到2020年非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到15%左右。三是大力增加森林碳汇，争取到2020年森林面积比2005年增加4000万公顷，森林蓄积量比2005年增加13亿立方米。四是大力发展绿色经济，积极发展低碳经济和循环经济，研发和推广气候友好技术。           　　各位同事！ 　　世界期待着我们就事关人类生存和发展的气候变化问题作出抉择。我相信，只要我们本着对各自国家和人类社会负责任的态度，立足现实，着眼未来，坚持《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》主渠道地位，坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，坚持“巴厘路线图”的授权，哥本哈根大会就会成为国际社会合作应对气候变化新的里程碑。中国愿同各国携手努力，共同为子孙后代创造更加美好的未来！ 谢谢各位。

Join Hands to Address Climate Challenge Statement by H.E. Hu Jintao President of the People's Republic of China At the Opening Plenary Session of the United Nations Summit on Climate Change New York, 22 September 2009 Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Dear Colleagues, Today, world leaders are gathered at the United Nations to discuss ways to tackle climate change. This is of great significance for catalyzing strong action by the international community to meet this global challenge. Global climate change has a profound impact on the existence and development of mankind, and is a major challenge facing all countries. In the last 37 years, from Stockholm to Rio de Janeiro, and from Kyoto to Bali, we have made concerted efforts and achieved notable progress in protecting the global environment and tackling climate change. This is a historic process, through which all countries have deepened their understanding, built consensus and stepped forward to meet the challenge. The United Nations framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol have now been universally recognized as the primary channel to address climate change. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities has been established as the basis for closer international cooperation. And sustainable development and harmony between man and nature has become the common goal of all parties. Climate change is an issue arising in the course of human development. It is associated with both natural factors and human activities. It is an environmental issue, but also, and more importantly, a development issue, as it is closely connected with the development stage, way of life, size of population and resource endowment of different countries and their places in the international division of labor. In the final analysis, we should and can only advance efforts to address climate change in the course of development and meet the challenge through common development. At stake in the fight against climate change are the common interests of the entire world, and the development interests and people's well-being of the vast number of developing nations in particular. It is imperative to give full consideration to the development stage and basic needs of developing countries in addressing climate change. Both their historical and per capita emissions are low. Due to their low development level and shortage of capital and technology, developing countries have limited capability and means to deal with climate change. And they have to bear a large amount of transferred emission as they are placed at the lower end of the international industrial chain in the process of economic globalization. For developing countries, the top priority now is to grow economy, eradicate poverty and improve livelihood. The international community should pay close attention to the predicament of developing countries, especially the small island states, the least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries. It is important to listen to their voice and respect their wishes, and combine our efforts to address climate change with those to promote the growth of developing countries and build up their own dynamism for development and ability for sustainable development. Dear Colleagues, To address climate change and achieve Sustainable development is an urgent and long-term task for all of us. It bears on the living environment of mankind and the development prospects of all countries, and calls for the unremitting efforts of the whole world. In this connection, let me highlight a few principles we need to follow in our common endeavor to tackle climate change: First, fulfilling respective responsibilities should be at the core of our effort. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities embodies the consensus of the international community. Adherence to this principle is critical to keeping international cooperation on climate change on the right track. Both developed and developing countries should take active steps to tackle climate change. We should act in keeping with the provisions of the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol and advance negotiations under the Bali Roadmap in real earnest. Developed countries should fulfill the task of emission reduction set in the Kyoto Protocol, continue to undertake substantial mid-term quantified emission reduction targets, and support developing countries in countering climate change. Developing countries should, in the light of their national conditions and with the financial and technological support of developed countries, work hard to adapt to climate change and do their best to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Second, achieving mutual benefit and win-win outcome should be the goal of our effort. Climate change respects no national borders, and no country is immune from it. To counter this challenge requires the whole-hearted cooperation and coordinated actions of the international community. Developed countries should support developing countries in tackling climate change. This is not only their responsibility, but also serves their long-term interest. We should foster the idea that helping others is helping oneself and make our endeavor on climate change a win-win for both developed and developing countries and a win-win for both the interests of individual countries and the common interests of humanity. Third, promoting common development should be the basis of our effort. Developing countries need to strike a balance between economic growth, social development and environmental protection, strengthen capacity for sustainable development and avoid the old path of "polluting first and cleaning up later". They should not, however, be asked to take on obligations that go beyond their development stage, responsibility and capabilities. Without common development, particularly the development of developing countries, there cannot be a broad and solid basis in the long run for tackling climate change. Fourth, ensuring financing and technology holds the key to the success of our effort. Developed countries should take up their responsibility and provide new, additional, adequate and predictable financial support to developing countries. This, in effect, represents a joint investment in the future of mankind. Environment-friendly technologies should better serve the common interests of humanity. In order to enable the developing countries to have access to climate-friendly technologies, it is necessary to set up a sound interactive mechanism with governments playing the leading role, businesses taking part and market principles at play. Dear Colleagues, China has made great achievements in development, as shown in the profound changes in the livelihood of the people and the outlook of the society, and China's total economic output is now one of the largest in the world. But on the other hand, China still lags behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita GDP, and it remains the biggest developing country in the world. With one fifth of the world's population and given the disparity between the urban and rural areas and among different regions and the imbalances in economic and social development, China still faces many difficulties and has a long way to go before it can achieve modernization. Out of a sense of responsibility to its own people and people across the world, China fully appreciates the importance and urgency of addressing climate change. We have taken and will continue to take determined and practical steps to tackle this challenge and provide assistance to other developing countries as our ability permits. We will continue to support small island states, the least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries in better adapting to climate change. China attaches great importance to and has actively promoted scientific development, that is, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development which puts people's interests first. We have set the building of a conservation culture as a major strategic task. We will adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and follow the path of sustainable development. We will make fresh contributions to tackling climate change as we accelerate transition to a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society and make China a country of innovation. China has adopted and is implementing the National Climate Change Program, which includes mandatory national targets for reducing energy intensity and the discharge of major pollutants, and increasing forest coverage and the share of renewable energy for the period of 2005 through 2010. By reducing energy intensity alone, China can save 620 million tons of standard coal in the five-year period, equivalent to cutting 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions. In the years ahead, China will further integrate actions on climate change into its economic and social development plan and take the following measures: First, we will intensify effort to conserve energy and improve energy efficiency. We will endeavor to cut carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by a notable margin by 2020 from the 2005 level. Second, we will vigorously develop renewable energy and nuclear energy. We will endeavor to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 15% by 2020. Third, we will energetically increase forest carbon sink. We will endeavor to increase forest coverage by 40 million hectares and forest stock volume by 1.3 billion cubic meters by 2020 from the 2005 levels. Fourth, we will step up effort to develop green economy, low-carbon economy and circular economy, and enhance research, development and dissemination of climate-friendly technologies. Dear colleagues, The world expects us to make a decision in the face of climate change, an issue which bears on mankind's survival and development. I am convinced that as long as we adopt a responsible attitude toward our respective countries and mankind as a whole, proceed from the present reality while looking ahead to the future, uphold the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol as the primary channel, stay committed to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the mandate of the Bali Roadmap, we will make the Copenhagen Conference a new milestone in the international cooperation on climate change. China stands ready to join hands with all countries to build an even better future for the generations to come. Thank you.