Ahshima 阿诗玛

时间：2006年
Year：2006
类别：民间文学
Category：Folk Literature
地区：云南
Area: Yunnan Province
编号：Ⅰ—28
Serial Number: I-28
 申报地区或单位：云南省石林彝族自治县
The Applying Region or Enterprise: Yi NationalityAutonomous County, Shilin, Yunnan Province
《阿诗玛》是流传于云南省石林彝族自治县彝族支系撒尼人中的叙事长诗。它使用口传诗体语言，讲述或演唱阿诗玛的故事。阿诗玛不屈不挠地同强权势力作斗争的故事，揭示了光明终将代替黑暗、善美终将代替丑恶、自由终将代替压迫与禁锢的人类理想，反映了彝族撒尼人“断得弯不得”的民族性格和民族精神。
“Ahshima” is a narrative poem spread inSani people, a branch of the Yi nationality, in the Yi Nationality Autonomous County, Shilin, Yunnan Province. It can be told or sung in oral poetic language. The story told about Ahshima’sindomitably fighting against hegemony, hence revealing the truth that darkness, diabolical behavior, oppression and imprisonment will eventually be dispelled by brightness, kindness and freedom, and reflecting the indomitable national spirit and character of Sani people.
《阿诗玛》的原形态是用撒尼彝语创作的，是撒尼人民经过千锤百炼而形成的集体智慧结晶，具有广泛的群众性。它主要流传于云南省石林彝族自治县彝族撒尼人聚居区，分为南北两个大同小异的流派。《阿诗玛》以五言句传唱，其中使用了伏笔、夸张、讽刺等手法和谐音、顶针、拈连、比喻等技巧，内容和形式完美统一。其作为叙事诗可讲述也可传唱，唱调有“喜调”、“老人调”、“悲调”、“哭调”、“骂调”等，传唱没有固定的场合，可在婚嫁、祭祀、葬仪、劳动、生活等多种不同场合中传唱、讲述。
The original form of “Ahshima” was created with Sani style of Yi language, and it is the crystallization of collective wisdom of the Sani people through hundreds of years. “Ahshima”can be divided into two similar schools, southern and northern, which is very popular in the Sani concentrated communities of Yi Nationality Autonomous County, Shilin, Yunnan Province. “Ahshima” is sung in five-character sentences with rhetoric skills of foreshadowing, hyperbole, satires, chimes, alliteration, Zeugma and metaphor, which unifies the form and content perfectly together. As a narrative poem, “ Ahshima” can be told or sung. In terms of singing, there are “happy tune”, “old man tune”, “sad tune”, “crying tune” and “abusive tune”, which can used in various occasions, such as wedding, sacrifice, burial, labor work and daily life.
《阿诗玛》自20世纪50年代初在有关刊物上发表汉文整理本以来，被翻译成英、法、德、西班牙、俄、日、韩等多种语言在海外流传，在日本还被改编成广播剧、歌舞剧、儿童剧等艺术形式。在国内，《阿诗玛》被改编成电影及京剧、滇剧、歌剧、舞剧、撒尼剧等在各地上演。中国第一部彩色宽银幕立体声音乐歌舞片《阿诗玛》，于1982年获西班牙桑坦德第一届国际音乐最佳舞蹈片奖。
Since the first Chinese version collection was published in 1950s, “Ahshima” has been translated into English, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Japanese and Korean, which made it popular in abroad. Besides, “Ahshima” has been adapted into broadcasting play, opera, and child play in Japan. In China, “Ahshima” has been adapted into movie, Beijing opera, Yunnan opera, musical opera, dance drama and Sani drama, staging in many places. The firstChinese colorful wide screen stereo musical opera “Ahshima” was awarded the “Best Dance” in the First International Music Festival in Santander Spain in 1982.
随着生活方式、教育体制以及少数民族语言使用的社会空间的改变，《阿诗玛》的传承正面临着危机。
However, with the changing of life style, education system and the social space wher the minority languages can be used, the spread of “Ahshima” is in danger.
相关传承人：
Related heritors:
毕华玉  王玉芳
Huayu Bi, Yufang Wang