Jiangnan sizhu (southern Chinese silk and bamboo music) 江南丝竹

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：上海，江苏
Region: Shanghai municipality; Jiangsu Province
编号：Ⅱ-40
Ref. No.: Ⅱ-40
申报地区或单位：江苏省太仓市上 海市
Nominating unit[s]:
Taicang city, Jiangsu Province
Shanghai municipality
江南丝竹是流行于江苏南部、浙江西部、上海地区的丝竹音乐的统称。因乐队主要由二胡、扬琴、琵琶、三弦、秦琴、笛、箫等丝竹类乐器组成，故名。
Jiangnan sizhu is the general name of "silk and bamboo" music in the south of Jiangsu, west of Zhejiang and Shanghai. As the band is composed of such silk and bamboo musical instruments as Erhu (two-string Chinese violin), dulcimer, Pipa (4-stringed Chinese lute), Sanxian (three-stringed plucked instrument), Qinqin (a national musical instrument), bamboo flute and Xiao (a vertical bamboo flute), hence the name.
明代嘉隆年间，以魏良辅为首的戏曲音乐家们在太仓南码头创制昆曲水磨腔的同时，以张野塘为中坚人物组成了规模完整的丝竹乐队，用工尺谱演奏，由昆曲班社、堂名鼓手兼奏，后逐渐形成丝竹演奏的专职班社。明万历末在吴中（苏州地区）形成了新的乐种"弦索"，可算是江南丝竹的前身。它与民俗活动密切结合，有着广泛的群众基础，后正式定名为江南丝竹。
During the Jialong period of the Ming dynasty, while opera musicians, headed by Wei Liangfu, created the Shuimo tune of Kunqu, a formal silk and bamboo music band was built with Zhang Yetang as the backbone. By using Gongche (the music notes of Nanyin), the band first played with Kunqu classes and Tangming drummers, and gradually a style of silk and bamboo music formed. Xiansuo, a new musical genre emerging at the end of Wanli period of the Ming dynasty, could be considered as the predecessor of Jiangnan sizhu. It was closely related to the folk-custom activities, enjoyed widespread mass participation, and was later formally considered to be part of the Jiangnan sizhu.
江南丝竹传统的技法中有你繁我简、你高我低、加花变奏、嵌挡让路、即兴发挥等手法，并逐步形成"小、细、轻、雅"的风格特色。这种技法和风格包含了人与人之间相互谦让、协调创新等深刻的社会文化内涵。丝竹乐来自民间，植根民间，简便易行，适宜推广，有重要的民俗文化价值。江南丝竹曲目丰富，传统乐曲有《中花六板》、《三六》、《行街》、《四合》和《云庆》等。聂耳曾改《倒八板》为《金蛇狂舞》，很快风靡全国；刘天华改编创作的《变体新水令》也早已成为乐坛名曲，在全国产生了深远的影响。江南丝竹音乐的产生和延续，对民族音乐史的研究及戏曲、民俗文化、群众文化的发展都有重要的作用。江南丝竹是江南水乡文化杰出的代表之一。
The traditional techniques of silk and bamboo music include the combination of complexity and simplicity musical passages, high tones and low tones, smooth shift in rhythm, and extemporaneous play, and as such embodies the characteristics of "little, slim, light and elegant". These techniques represent such social and cultural connotations as mutual generosity, coordination and innovation. Silk and bamboo music is from and rooted in the common people, so it is of great folklore value. Jiangnan sizhu boasts a rich repertoire, and traditional pieces include Zhonghua Liuban, Sanliu, Xingjie (walking down the street), Sihe and Yunqing (a festival feeling at a happy occasion), etc. Nie Er, a famous musician, once adapted Dao Baban into Jinshe Kuangwu (golden snake dancing wildly), which became popular all over the country soon; Bianti Xinshuiling (variation of New Water Tune), adapted by Liu Tianhua, proved to be famous and far-reaching. The emergence and extension of Jiangnan sizhu music are of obvious significance to the study of folk music history and the development of opera, folk culture and mass culture. Jiangnan sizhu music is one of the best representatives of Jiangnan Water Land Culture.
至20世纪六七十年代，传统江南丝竹班社均自行解散。至今，70岁以上的老艺人已相继离世，后继乏人，加上传统曲目传谱很少，江南丝竹日渐濒危。
By the 1960s and 1970s, traditional Jiangnan sizhu music classes had declined. Since then, prestigious artists, many who are now over seventy, have passed away successively, and even worse, the music records of some traditional pieces are very scarcely found, so Jiangnan sizhu music is increasingly endangered.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
陆春龄 周皓 沈凤泉 周惠
Lu Chunling Zhou Hao Shen Fengquan Zhou Hui