Shifan Music 十番音乐

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：福建
Region: Fujian Province
编号：Ⅱ-44
Ref. No.: II-44
十番音乐·闽西客家十番音乐
Shifan Music · Shifan Music of Hakka People in Western Fujian
申报地区或单位：福建省龙岩市
Nominating unit[s]: Longyan City, Fujian Province
十番音乐又称"十班"、"五对"等，因用丝、竹、革、木、金制作的十件乐器演奏而得名。客家十番音乐是历代客家民间艺人传承的民间器乐曲，其乐曲标题多描绘大自然及客家人生活习俗情趣，如《碧水山涯》、《湖光柳色》、《好花圆月》、《梅兰菊竹》、《莺歌燕舞》等。此外，客家十番音乐还吸收了历代戏曲剧种中的曲段、唱段和曲艺作品等。
Shifan music, also known as "Shiban" and "Wudui" (five pairs), gets its name for 10 instruments made from silk string, bamboo, leather, wood and metal, all of which have to be employed when giving a performance of the kind. Hakka Shifan music is a folk song variety passed down from generation to generation by previous Hakka folk singers. Most songs of the type feature titles depicting the nature and the living habits and joys of Hakka people, as demonstrated by Clear Water and Mountains (or Bi Shui Shan Ya), Lake and Willow Scenery (or Hu Guang Liu Se), Blooming Flowers and a Full Moon (or Hao Hua Yuan Yue), Plum, Orchid, Chrysanthemum, and Bamboo (or Mei, Lan, Zhu and Ju), and Sing Orioles and Darting Swallows (or Ying Ge Yan Wu), etc. Moreover, the Hakka Shifan music has borrowed musical elements from all types of theatre arts produced in past dynasties.
闽西客家十番乐队无论乐手的人数还是使用的乐器都没有严格的规定，一支十番乐队一般少则五到七人，多则十到几十人不等。
There is no strict limitation on either the number of members of a Hakka Shifan band or type of musical instruments used therefor. A Shifan band usually comprises five to seven persons, ten to several dozens at most.
客家十番音乐最基本的乐器有曲笛、芦管、琵琶、三弦、二胡、小胖壶、大胖壶、夹板等，笛子为其领奏乐器。客家十番音乐的演奏形式分坐奏和行奏两种，掌板者为指挥。笛子引路（主导），文场和武场间隔进行。
Common musical instruments used for a Shifan music performance include Chinese bamboo flute, chalumeau, Pipa (a plucked string instrument with a fretted fingerboard), Sanxian (a three-stringed plucked instrument), Erhu (a two-stringed bowed instrument), Xiaopanghu (an instrument shaped like a small pot), Dapanghu (an instrument shaped like a big pot), Jiaban (an instrument made of two pieces of boards), etc. wherin, Chinese bamboo flute is the leading playing instrument. The Hakka Shifan music may be performed with the performers either sitting or marching, and the person playing the Jiaban is the Commander. Led by of the Chinese bamboo flutes (guidance), the string and wind instruments and percussion instruments in Chinese operas will be played at intervals.
目前闽西客家十番音乐处于后继乏人的境地，急需抢救和保护。
Nowadays, Hakka Shifan music has fallen into the predicament that worthy successors barely exist, and in this sense, it's necessary to take actions against the extinction of the music type.
十番音乐·茶亭十番音乐
Shifan music · Chating Shifan music
申报地区或单位：福建省福州市
Nominating unit[s]: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province
茶亭十番音乐发源于福州市台江区的茶亭街。据清乾隆年间郑洛英《耻虚斋诗抄》中的《榕城之夕竹枝词》记述："闽山庙里夜入繁，闽山庙外月当门。槟榔牙齿生烟袋，子弟场中较十番。"由此可见，当时十番音乐在福州民间受欢迎的状况。很早以前，福州民间盛行舞龙灯。后来为龙舞伴奏的打击乐逐渐分离出来，成为独立的艺术形式，它使用的乐器有狼杖、大小锣、大小钹等五种。人们为了避免五件乐器组合的单调性，在其中加进管弦乐器笛子、逗管、椰胡等，同时还加进了清鼓和云锣。为求得音量上的平衡，每种管弦乐器皆配以双数，形成双笛、双管、双胡，共约十种，乐队即由此基本成型。
Chating Shifan music was originated from Chating Street, Taijiang District, Fuzhou City. It was recorded in Zhuzhici of Night of Rongcheng in Chixuzhai Poems written by Zheng Luoying in the reign of Qianlong Emperor in the Qing Dynasty that:
As the day turns dark, Minshan Temple becomes bustling,
Outside the temple the moon is glowing.
While chewing betel nuts or smoking small-bowled long-stemmed pipes,
People enjoy Shifan music juniors are enthusiastically playing.
From the verse, it could be seen that Shifan music was quite popular at Fuzhou at that time. once upon a time, dragon dance prevailed in Fuzhou. Later on, the percussion music accompanied by the dragon dance gradually separated from the dragon dance, forming an independent artistic form. The instruments it used were Langzhang (an instrument), big and small gongs, and big and small cymbals. To avoid the monotony of the five-instrument combination, Chinese bamboo flutes, Douguan (an instrument shaped like a pipe), Yehu, and other orchestras are employed. Meanwhile, Qinggu and Chinese gong chimes are also used. In order to achieve volume balance, almost ten types of orchestras are provided in even numbers, for example, double Chinese bamboo flutes, double pipes, double Erhu. By then, a band has formed initially.
茶亭十番音乐的代表曲目有《秦楼月》、《水底天》、《莲花册》、《雁来云》、《石榴花》等。
Chating Shifan music can be represented by such typical pieces as Moon over Qin Tower (Qin Lou Yue), Sky under Water (Shui Di Tian), Volume of Lotus Flower (Lian Gua Ce), Cloud formed with Wild Goose Came by (Yan Lai Yun), Pomegranate Blossoms (Shi Liu Hua), etc.
茶亭十番音乐不仅流行于福州市内，也流行于福州周边农村及福州下属的五区六县，还流传到宁德、建阳、南平、古田、福安、柘荣、霞蒲等地。
Besides Fuzhou, Chating Shifan music is also popular in rural areas surrounding it and the subordinate five districts and six counties, and even in Ningde, Jianyang, Nanping, Gutian, Fu'an, Zherong, and Xiapu as well.
茶亭十番音乐的演奏形式分为坐奏和行奏两种，其演奏位置的排列十分讲究。茶亭十番音乐主要用于迎神赛会和百姓婚丧嫁娶及家宴等民俗活动中。曲牌大多表现人与自然、社会的关系，或体现一定的意境，或描述古老的传说故事。
Chating Shifan music can be performed with the performers either sitting down or walking. but their position in the chorus is subject to particular arrangement. It's mainly performed in folk activities such as Yingshen Saihui (a folk festival in honor of a deity whose statue is carried through the streets of a village in a procession), weddings and funerals, and family feasts. Most of its themes are associated with the relationship between human and nature and society, or artistic conception, or ancient tales.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
陈英木 楼正寿
Chen Yingmu, Lou Zhengshou