Mudong Shange (Mudong Mountain Songs) 木洞山歌

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk music
地区：重庆
Region: Chongqing
编号：Ⅱ-26
Ref. No.: Ⅱ-26
申报地区或单位：重庆市巴南区
Nominating unit [s]: Ba'nan district, Chongqing
木洞山歌系重庆市巴南区木洞镇民众传唱的山歌歌种，它的渊源可以追溯到上古时代的"巴渝歌舞"，中经战国时代的"下里巴人"、汉代的"巴子讴歌"、唐代的"竹枝"，直至明清演化形成木洞山歌。
Mudong shange is a type of mountain song sung by the local people of Mudong town, Bashan district, in Chongqing municipality, which can be traced back to the "Bayu gewu" (songs and dances in Chongqing municipality) in ancient times, then to "Xialibaren" (local people of villages of Chongqing municipality) in Warring States period, "Baziouge" (songs of Chongqing people) in the Han dynasty and "Zhuzhi" (bamboo pole) in the Tang dynasty, and finally evolved into Mudong shange in the Ming and Qing dynasty.
木洞山歌的主体是被称为薅秧歌的禾籁。禾籁只在木洞及其周边地区流传，属中国民歌的稀有品种。禾籁地域特色浓郁，曲调曲目丰富。主要有高腔禾籁、矮腔禾籁、平腔禾籁、花禾籁和连八句等多种样式。这些样式中又包括若干子样式，如高腔禾籁还包括依呀禾籁、也禾籁、锣鼓腔、依依腔、呀呀腔、四平腔、噢嗬腔、呜哦腔、悠呵腔等。
The body of Mudong shange is Helai which is also called Haoyangge (song of weeding). Helai can only be heard in Mudong and its surrounding regions, being a rare form of Chinese folk music. With intense local flavour and rich tunes and repertoire, it mainly takes the forms of high-pitched tunes, low-pitched tunes, flat-pitched tunes, mixed tunes and octonary line. These forms can further be divided. For example, high-pitched tune Helai includes tunes of yiya, ye, drums and gongs, yiyi, yaya, siping, aohe, wu'o and youhe, etc.
木洞山歌的重要歌类还有儿调。其曲词体式和曲调特征与唐代以来巴渝民间流传的竹枝歌颇为相似，是竹枝歌在木洞地区的"嫡传"。木洞山歌曲目有《山歌好唱口难开》、《走进深山雨要来》、《木洞新气象》、《赶场》等。
One important form of Mudong shange is childrens' tune, which is rather similar to the Zhuzhi tune that is found in Chongqing folk area and also is its direct successor. Representative pieces of Mudong shange include Shange Haochang Kounankai (mountain songs are hard to sing, though easy), Zoujin Shenshan Yuyaolai (the rains are coming when far in the mountains), Mudong Xinqixiang (new image of Mudong), and "Ganchang" (go to a village fair), etc.
木洞山歌还有劳动号子、风俗歌、表演歌等多种样式。有数以千计的曲目，民间歌手颇多。1991年重庆市命名的第一批40名民间歌手，木洞就占37名，其中能唱500首以上的4名一级歌手全在木洞。木洞还编写了三十余万字的《木洞山歌》专著，2005年12月公开出版。1990年，木洞地区被重庆市命名为"山歌之乡"，1999年，木洞山歌又被命名为"巴渝优秀民间艺术"。
In addition, Mudong shange has other forms like labor songs, custom songs and performance songs, etc. There are thousands of pieces and numerous folk singers of Mudong shange. Among the first 40 folk singers named by Chongqing municipality in 1991, 37 are from Mudong, and all the four first-class singers that can sing over 500 pieces are all in Mudong. Mudong also has compiled the over 300-thousand-character monograph of "Mudong shange" which was officially published in December, 2005. In 1990 Mudong was named as the "home of mountain songs" and in 1999 Mudong shange was named as an "excellent folk art in Chongqing" by Chongqing municipality.
由于生产、生活方式的变革，大部分山歌失去了滋养、繁荣的基础，老一代歌手的衰老和谢世，传承出现断裂，木洞山歌面临濒危境地。抢救、保护木洞山歌，不仅可以丰富巴渝民歌艺术，而且也将促进中国民歌艺术的丰富和发展。
However, as a result of the changes of ways of production and life, most of the mountain songs have lost their basis for enriching the lives of the workers and flourishing. What's worse, with the aging and passing away of older generation, few youngsters know much about Mudong shange. As such, it is on the edge of disappearing. As a result, it is urgent to save and protect Mudong shange, which can not only enrich folk song art in Chongqing, but also advance the development and improvement of Chinese folk song art.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
潘中民 喻良华
Pan Zhongmin Yu Lianghua