Yi Nationality Haicai Qiang 彝族海菜腔

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间音乐
Category: Folk Music
地区：云南
Region: Yunnan province
编号：Ⅱ-31
Ref. No.: Ⅱ-31
申报地区或单位：云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州
Nominating unit [s]: Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan province
彝族海菜腔是海内外知名的云南彝族特有的民歌品种，它又称大攀桨、倒扳桨，俗称石屏腔，主要流传于云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州石屏县彝族尼苏人村落。石屏彝族海菜腔属海菜腔变体的民歌，与其他三种变体曲调沙悠腔、四腔、五山腔并称"四大腔"，彝族称之为"曲子"。
Haicai qiang is a peculiar type of folk song from the Yi nationality of Yunnan province, which is also called Dapanjiang or Daobanjiang, known to peoples both home and abroad. It is also commonly known as Shiping Opera, as it is mainly popular among the Nisu people of Yi nationality, Shiping County, Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan province. Shiping Yi nationality Haicai qiang is a variant of Haicai qiang. Together with three other variants of Shayou qiang, Si qiang and Wushan qiang, it is known as the Four Great qiang, or Four Great Tune as the Yi people call it.
海菜腔歌唱历史悠久，在形成及发展过程中深受明清时期汉族移民所带来的汉族文化影响。清代以来的地方志中，有很多关于海菜腔歌唱的记载和诗文。一首完整的海菜腔曲调通常由拘腔、空腔、正七腔及白话腔等部分组成，结构复杂，篇幅宏大，是一种由多乐段组合，集独唱、对唱、领唱、齐唱、合唱等形式于一体的大型声乐套曲。海菜腔代表性曲目有《哥唱小曲妹来学》、《石屏橄榄菜》等。作为特定环境下产生的传统艺术形式，海菜腔在特定的生态、社会文化中有高度的适应性和广泛的群众性，在彝族发展史、文化史、道德价值观、艺术思维方式及彝汉文化交融等课题的研究上有重要的价值。对以海菜腔为代表的少数民族特有的民歌进行系统发掘、抢救和研究，对于丰富和完善中国传统音乐体系和音乐史的研究，也具有积极的意义。
Haicai qiang has been sung for a long time, and during its shaping and development, it was greatly influenced by the culture of Han nationality brought by Han immigrants in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the local chronicles since Qing dynasty, there are many records of and prose and poems about Haicai qiang. Complex in structure and grand in length, a complete piece of Haicai qiang is generally comprised of Ju qiang, Kong qiang, Zhengqi qiang and Baihua qiang. Made up of many sets, it is a group of chorus songs combining solos, duets, leading the chorus, unison and chorus. Representative pieces include Elder Brother Sings and Sister Follows and Olive Dish from Shiping, etc. As the traditional art form was formed in a special situation, Haicai qiang possesses high adaptability and wide popularity among the masses in the unique ecological and social culture, and it is also of great value to the study of developmental history, cultural history, moral values, and the artistic thinking mode of the Yi nationality as well as the cultural blending of Yi and Han nationality. Meanwhile, exploring and saving the folk songs of ethnic minorities represented by Haicai qiang is also significant to the enrichment and improvement of the studies of traditional Chinese music system and its history.
随着20世纪50年代以来海菜腔所依存的男女交际习俗"吃火草烟"的消亡及其他文化娱乐形式的传入，海菜腔的歌唱渐趋式微，现已鲜有能完整歌唱成套海菜腔的"曲子师傅"、"曲子老板"（均为对著名歌手的尊称），年轻一辈中也少有海菜腔的爱好者，其传承面临严重危机，亟待保护。
With the disappearance of Chi Huocaoyan (Tabaco Smoking), the communication customs between men and women that Haicai qiang depends on, and the introduction of other entertainment forms, Haicai qiang is sung increasingly less, and there are few Quzi Shifu (Master of tunes) or Quzi Laoban (Boss of tunes), both are honorific titles for famous singers of Haicai qiang, in current times. In addition, there are few Haicai qiang lovers among the younger generation. As a result, Haicai qiang is facing a serious extinction crisis and is in urgent need of protection.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
后宝云 阿家文
Hou Baoyun A Jiawen