Rebawu热巴舞

时间：2006年
Time: 2006
类别：民间舞蹈
Category: Folk Dance
地区：西藏
Region: Tibet Autonomous Region
编号：Ⅲ-21
Ref. No.: Ⅲ-21
热巴舞是由藏族“热巴”艺人表演的一种舞蹈形式。热巴是一种由卖艺为生的流浪艺人班子（一般以家庭为基本单位组成）表演的，以铃鼓为主，融说唱、谐（歌舞）、杂技、气功、热巴剧于一体的综合性艺术。据史料记载热巴起源于公元十一世纪，由藏传佛教噶举派第二代祖师米拉日巴所创建。热巴的前身是西藏原始宗教“笨”教的“巫术”和“图腾舞”。它有悠久的历史、丰富的内容、独特的风格、高超的技巧、风趣的道白和奇特的面具，又吸收了古象雄文化、宗教文化、民间艺术的精髓，从而成为藏族古代灿烂文化艺术中的奇葩，具有很高的艺术价值和研究价值。热巴舞分布于西藏昌都、工布、那曲等地及云南、四川、青海、甘肃等藏族聚居区。
Rebawu is a dance performed by the Tibetan “Reba” artists. Reba is a comprehensive art performed by troupes of wandering artists (ordinarily with the family as the basic unit) that integrates tambourines as the major element, as well as half-spoken song, facetiousness (song and dance), acrobatics, qigong and rebaju (Reba Opera). According to historical record, Reba originated from Milarepa, the 2nd patriarch of the Kagyupa School of Buddhism in Tibet in the 11th century. The predecessor of Reba is the “Wizardry” and “Totem Dance” of “Bon”, a primitive religion of Tibet. It has a long history and features rich content, a unique style, superb skills, witty dialogue and distinctive masks. In addition, it has absorbed the essence of the ancient Zhang Zhung Culture, religious culture and folk arts. As a result, it has high artistic value and research value as a rare flower of the splendid ancient Tibetan culture. Rebawu is customary to Qamdo, Kongpo and Naqu of the Tibet Autonomous Region as well as other Tibetan settlements in Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu, etc.
热巴舞•丁青热巴
Rebawu•Dingqing Reba
申报地区或单位：西藏自治区
Nominating unit [s]: Tibet Autonomous Region
丁青热巴舞是一种鼓舞，也是一种融说、唱、舞、杂技和气功为一体的综合性表演艺术。丁青热巴舞起源于琼布丁青，其创始人据说是琼布o米拉推巴嘎，也叫米拉日巴。传说昌都地区丁青县当时属热带气候，有大象在此生存，人们杀大象后取其皮铺在地上，并在上面跳舞祭神，由此创造了热巴舞。丁青县可以说是热巴舞的发源地。
The Dingqing Rebawu is a type of drum dance, as well as a comprehensive performance art integrating dialogue, singing, dancing, acrobatics and Qigong. Dingqing Rebawu originated from Khyungpo Dingqing, and is said to be created by Khyungpo Mila Thopaga, or Milarepa. It is said that Qamdo lived in a tropical climate wher elephants roamed. People killed the elephants and spread their skin onto the ground. They then danced on the elephant skin as a form of god worship, and from this Rebawu was born. Dingqing county can be looked as the cradle of Rebawu.
丁青热巴舞有三个主要流派，它们分别是：流行于色札的嘎措热巴，也叫“色札热巴”，距今已有五百多年的历史；流行于觉恩的窝托热巴，距今已有九百四十多年的历史；流行于桑多的冬洛热巴，也称康沙热巴，距今已有三百多年的历史。其中最负盛名的当推琼布丁青的窝托热巴。窝托热巴的特点是技巧高难，如爬杆技巧、腹上破石、夹刀旋转等都是窝托热巴的绝技。康沙热巴是昌都境内至今活跃于舞台的重要热巴流派之一，其传统节目有一点鼓、三点鼓、六点鼓、九点鼓等，同时穿插一些弦子舞、卓舞及男女对辩（相当于滑稽相声）的表演。三种热巴的表现形式大同小异，均以粗犷豪放的舞蹈动作和高难度舞蹈造型闻名于世，其音乐以淳朴明亮、高亢激昂、奔放流畅为特点，主要内容多表现避灾祛祸、庆祝丰收、祝愿吉祥等等。
There are three schools of Rebawu: Gacuo Reba, or “Sezha Reba”, prevailing in Sezha, which has a history of over 500 years; Wotuo Reba prevailing in Jue’en, which has a history of over 940 years; Dongluo Reba, or Kangsha Reba, prevailing in Sangduo, which has a history of over 300 years. The most famous school is the Wotuo Reba in Khyungpo Dingqing. Wotuo Reba features superb and intricate movements, such as pole climbing skills, breaking rocks on the stomach and revolving with knife held. Kangsha Reba is one of the most important Reba schools active on the stage in Qamdo. Its traditional programs include the 1-beat drum, 3-beat drum, 6-beat drum and 9-beat drum, etc., with interludes like Xianzi Dance, Zhuo Dance and male and female dialogue (similar to cross talk). The three schools of Reba are essentially the same with minor differences. All of them are world-famous for bold and unrestrained moves and intricate postures. They feature bright, exciting, bold and smooth music and contents for disaster prevention, harvest celebration and wishes for auspiciousness etc.
丁青热巴传统古老，流派众多，技艺高超，是藏族民间舞蹈中不可或缺的独特品种。解放后，民间的热巴艺人虽有减少的趋势，但由于各级文艺工作者深入生活，拜民间艺人为师，故不仅较好地继承了传统热巴，而且还在演技和服饰方面作了一些改革，使之能符合舞台演出的需要。如今，热巴舞已经登上了国内外舞台，受到了广大观众的喜爱。2002年，丁青县被西藏自治区人民政府命名为“热巴艺术之乡”。
As a traditional dance with multiple schools and superb skills, Dingqing Reba is a unique variety of Tibetan folk dances. Although the number of Reba artists has been reducing since the liberation, literary and art workers of different levels have been going deep among the masses and learning from folk artists. Their efforts have helped to inherit the traditional Reba. Moreover, with the reform of performing skills and costumes, the traditional Reba has been better adapted to the stage. Today, Rebawu has risen to the domestic and international stage and become popular among audiences. In 2002, Dingqing county was named the “Town of Reba Art” by the People’s Government of Tibet Autonomous Region.
热巴舞•那曲比如丁嘎热巴
Rebawu•Naqu Birudingga Reba
申报地区或单位：西藏自治区
Nominating unit[s]: Tibet Autonomous Region
丁嘎热巴是藏北那曲地区比如县夏曲乡丁嘎村流传的一种民间舞蹈。据当地艺人的回忆及比如县政协仁旺丹增和索朗多吉两位先生所著的《那徐持如历史》藏文本介绍：最早的丁嘎热巴是在公元1040年藏传佛教噶举派第二代祖师米拉日巴和热穷巴在原有的民间热巴基础上创作和发展出来的一门独立的舞蹈艺术。这种热巴舞在历史上经历了从民间进入寺院，又从寺院回到民间的发展演变过程。
Dingga Reba is a folk dance passed down in Dingga Village, Xiaqu Township, Biru County of Naqu in Northern Tibet. According to local artists as well as an introduction in the Tibetan version of History of Naxu Chiru written by Mr. Renwang Danzeng and Mr. Suolang Duoji of the CPPCC of Biru County: the earliest Dingda Reba was a unique dance created by Milarepa, the 2nd patriarch of the Kagyupa School of Buddhism in Tibet, and Reqiongba on the basis of the original folk Reba. This form of Reba has been passed down from the people to temples and then back to the people.
现存的丁嘎热巴分为寺院喇嘛表演的热巴和民间艺人表演的热巴两种形式。过去民间艺人的丁嘎热巴主要以家族父子传承的方式代代相延，现在成立了以村为单位的热巴队，传承面得到扩展。丁嘎热巴的传统节目很多，共有三十多个，每个节目的跳法和姿态各不相同，其内容有讲述藏族历史、传说故事的，也有为了寺院祭祀活动的需要而宣扬宗教思想的，代表性剧目包括：《欧冬》（击鼓）、《曲杰罗桑》（罗桑王子）、《斯白巴玛感果》（原始的老父母）、《甲沙公觉郎巴》（迎请文成公主）、《古如多吉热》（金刚舞场）等。丁嘎热巴舞既有当地牧民舞蹈的动律，又借鉴了昌都一带热巴铃鼓舞的舞姿，以顺手顺脚的牧民舞蹈动作为基本步法，上身表演吸收了昌都热巴女子手鼓激情豪放的动作，由此形成融汇藏东藏北舞蹈精华的独特风格。丁嘎热巴中还有许多风趣的表演动作、模拟动物的动作及一些富有情节的小戏。
The existing Dingga Reba is divided into two forms, one performed by Lamas in temples and the other performed by folk artists. In the past, the Dingga Reba performed by folk artists was mainly passed down from fathers to sons generation by generation. Now Reba troupes have been established in different villages, which have further extended the scope of inheritance. Dingga Reba has a large repertoire consisting of over 30 programs, with each program having different movements and postures. The programs mainly tell of the history or legends of Tibet, or advocate the religion’s philosophy for the purpose of temple sacrifices. Representative works include: Oudong (Drum beating), Qujie Luosang (Prince Luosang), Sibai Bama Ganguo (primitive old parents), Jiasha Gongjue Langba (receiving Prince Wencheng), Guru Duojire (Vajra Dance Hall), etc. Dingga Reba inherited both the rhythm of the local herdsmen dance and movements of the Reba tambourine dance in Qamdo. It utilizes the herdsmen dance by moving ones’ arms and legs on the same side synchronously as the basic moves, and absorbs the passionate moves of Female Tambourine in Qamdo Reba for upper body movements. It has thus formed a unique style that integrates the essence of dances in North Tibet and East Tibet. Dingga Reba features stimulating movements, animal-simulating moves as well as mini-plays with interesting plots.
几百年来，丁嘎热巴在丁嘎村民的共同努力下不断改进，舞蹈样式和节目日益丰富。丁嘎热巴包含了藏族传统文化内涵，体现了藏族人民卓越的歌舞艺术的创造才能，反映了藏族文化开放融合的一面，在藏族热巴舞中独树一帜。
After hundreds of years of efforts by the villagers of Dingga, Dingga Reba has been continuously improved and provided with more diversified dancing styles and programs. Dingga Reba contains the cultural connotation of the traditional Tibetan culture, embodies the outstanding ability of the Tibetan people in dance creation, and reflects the openness and inclusiveness of the Tibetan Culture, making it unique in Tibetan Rebawu.
相关传承人：
Inheritor(s):
丹增曲塔 四郎曲珍 嘎鸟
Danzeng Quta, Silang Quzhen and Ganiao